ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 10 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following chronic conditions should the nurse identify as risk factors for developing kidney disease?
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Hypertension, diabetes, and obesity are significant risk factors for kidney disease. Hypertension damages renal blood vessels, diabetes leads to diabetic nephropathy, and obesity increases the risk through associated conditions like hypertension and diabetes.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and reports having shortness of breath and swelling in his lower extremities. Upon assessment, the nurse notes the client has crackles in his lungs and an elevated blood pressure. The nurse should suspect which of the following based on the client's manifestations?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypervolemia, or fluid overload, is common in end-stage kidney disease and can manifest with symptoms such as shortness of breath, lower extremity edema, crackles in the lungs (due to pulmonary congestion), and elevated blood pressure.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is discussing laboratory values associated with the renal system with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the values?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Creatinine levels rise in acute kidney injury due to impaired kidney function, as the kidneys are unable to effectively filter creatinine from the blood.
Question 4 of 5
A woman was brought to the emergency department of a hospital after she fell into the ground and hurt her left leg. She is noted to be tachycardic and tachypneic. Painkillers were carried out to lessen her pain. Suddenly, she started complaining that she is still in pain and now experiencing muscle cramps, tingling, and paraesthesia. Measurement of arterial blood gas reveals pH 7.6, PaO2 120 mm Hg, PaCO2 31 mm Hg, and HCO3 25 mmol/L. What does this mean?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The arterial blood gas values indicate a pH of 7.6, suggesting alkalosis. The low PaCO2 at 31 mm Hg indicates hyperventilation, a respiratory process. The normal HCO3 suggests no metabolic involvement, and the lack of renal adjustment indicates an uncompensated state.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has severe preeclampsia and is receiving magnesium sulfate IV at 2 g/hr. Which of the following findings indicates that it is safe for the nurse to continue the infusion?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A respiratory rate of 16/min indicates that the client is not experiencing respiratory depression, a potential side effect of magnesium sulfate toxicity.