ATI RN
ATI Fundamentals Exam Special Unit ADN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which action should the nurse take when using critical thinking to make clinical decisions?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Consider what is important in any given situation: Critical thinking involves analyzing the situation, prioritizing information, and making decisions based on what is most important for patient safety and care. Reads and follows the health care provider's orders: While following provider orders is important, critical thinking requires assessing the situation and considering all relevant factors, rather than just following orders without analysis. Accepts one established way to provide care: Critical thinking involves evaluating different approaches and adapting to individual patient needs rather than rigidly adhering to a single method. Makes decisions based on intuition: While intuition can be helpful, evidence-based practice and clinical reasoning should guide decision-making, not just intuition alone.
Question 2 of 5
Your patient drunk 150 mL of Ice Tea. How many ounces is this?
Correct Answer: 5
Rationale: Solution: 1 ounce = 30 mL, so 150 mL ÷ 30 mL/oz = 5 oz. Answer: 5 ounces.
Question 3 of 5
A patient diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) asks the nurse why clubbing occurs. Which response by the nurse is the most therapeutic?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Your disease doesn't send enough oxygen to your fingertips': Chronic hypoxia in COPD leads to increased capillary growth and tissue changes, resulting in clubbing of the fingers. This response is accurate and appropriately explains the cause. 'Your disease often makes patients lose mental status': While severe hypoxia can cause confusion, this response does not address the reason for clubbing and lacks therapeutic communication. 'Your disease will be helped if you pursed-lip breathe': Pursed-lip breathing helps with air trapping and exhalation in COPD, but it does not explain clubbing of the fingers. 'Your disease affects both your lungs and your heart, and not enough blood is being pumped': COPD primarily affects oxygen exchange in the lungs, not necessarily blood pumping from the heart. Clubbing is due to chronic hypoxia, not poor cardiac output.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for diphenhydramine for allergic rhinitis. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following manifestations as an adverse effect of this medication? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Urinary retention: Diphenhydramine has anticholinergic effects, which can lead to urinary retention, especially in older adults or those with prostate issues. Dry mouth: Diphenhydramine blocks muscarinic receptors, reducing saliva production and causing dry mouth. Nonproductive cough: Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine, not a cough suppressant. It does not cause a nonproductive cough as a side effect. Drowsiness: First-generation antihistamines (like diphenhydramine) cause CNS depression, leading to drowsiness. Skin rash: Skin rash is not a common adverse effect of diphenhydramine but can be a sign of an allergic reaction.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse caring for a child who has asthma and a prescription for montelukast granules. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to the client's parents on administering the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Give the medication in the morning daily: Montelukast (a leukotriene receptor antagonist) is given once daily in the evening for long-term asthma control. If prescribed for allergic rhinitis, it can be given in the morning. Administer the medication 2 hours before exercise: Montelukast is not a rescue medication but a maintenance drug. However, it can be prescribed for exercise-induced bronchospasm and is taken at least 2 hours before exercise when used for that purpose. Administer the granules mixed with 20 ounces of water: Montelukast granules should be mixed with a small amount of soft food (e.g., applesauce, mashed carrots) or breast milk/formula but not a large volume of liquid. Give the medication at the onset of wheezing: Montelukast is not a quick-relief medication and does not work immediately. Short-acting bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol) should be used for acute wheezing.