ATI RN
ATI Fundamentals Exam Special Unit ADN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A patient has been diagnosed with heart failure and cardiac output is decreased. Which formula can the nurse use to calculate cardiac output?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stroke volume × heart rate: Cardiac Output (CO) = Stroke Volume (SV) × Heart Rate (HR). Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped per beat, and heart rate is the number of beats per minute. Multiplying these values gives the total volume of blood pumped per minute, making this the correct formula. Myocardial contractility × myocardial blood flow: While myocardial contractility and blood flow affect cardiac output, they are not part of the formula for calculating it. Ventricular filling time/diastolic filling time: This ratio does not determine cardiac output. While diastolic filling time affects stroke volume, it is not the standard formula for cardiac output. Preload/afterload: Preload and afterload influence cardiac function but are not used to directly calculate cardiac output.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the electrocardiogram (ECG) results. Which portion of the conduction system does the nurse consider when evaluating the P wave?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SA Node: The SA (sinoatrial) node initiates electrical impulses and is responsible for atrial depolarization, which produces the P wave on an ECG. This makes it the correct answer. AV Node: The AV node is responsible for delaying electrical impulses before they pass to the ventricles, but it does not generate the P wave. It affects the PR interval rather than the P wave itself. Purkinje Fibers: The Purkinje fibers play a role in ventricular contraction (QRS complex), not in the formation of the P wave. Bundle of HIS: The Bundle of HIS transmits impulses to the ventricles and is involved in ventricular depolarization, not atrial activity. It is not responsible for the P wave.
Question 3 of 5
Convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius: 98.6
Correct Answer: 37
Rationale: Solution: (98.6 - 32) × 5/9 = 37°C. Answer: 37°C.
Question 4 of 5
A charge nurse is supervising the care of a new nurse. Which action by a new nurse indicates the charge nurse needs to intervene?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Making a clinical decision based on previous shift assessments: Nursing assessments should be conducted for each shift, as a patient’s condition can change rapidly. Relying on previous assessments without reassessing can lead to missed changes in the patient’s status, potentially causing harm. Making a clinical decision in the patient's best interest: Making decisions in the patient’s best interest is an essential part of nursing practice and demonstrates good clinical judgment. Making an ethical clinical decision: Ethical decision-making is an integral part of nursing practice and aligns with professional standards. There is no need for intervention if the decision is ethical. Making an informed clinical decision: Informed clinical decision-making is based on current patient data, clinical guidelines, and critical thinking. This is a correct approach to nursing care and does not require intervention.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has experienced a laparoscopic appendectomy. For which type of healing will the nurse focus the care plan?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary Intention: Primary intention healing occurs when surgical incisions are closed with sutures, staples, or adhesive strips. Since laparoscopic procedures involve small incisions that are closed immediately, this type of healing applies. Partial-thickness repair: Partial-thickness repair refers to wounds that involve only the epidermis and part of the dermis (e.g., abrasions, minor burns). Surgical incisions are full-thickness wounds, so this is not applicable. Secondary Intention: Secondary intention healing occurs when wounds heal from the inside out, typically seen in pressure ulcers, large open wounds, or infected wounds. Surgical wounds that are sutured do not heal by secondary intention. Tertiary Intention: Tertiary intention healing occurs when a wound is left open initially and later closed due to infection risk or delayed healing. Laparoscopic appendectomy wounds are closed immediately, making this choice incorrect.