ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 9 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse observes the client as he walks into the clinic. She notices a slight tremor of the hands, slowness of movements, and a mask-like facial expression, with postural instability. Which of the following in the client's history are consistent with these observations?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is characterized by tremor, slowness, rigidity, postural instability, and mask-like facial expression due to reduced facial muscle activity, consistent with the observed symptoms.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse collects health history from a 65 year old client. Which of the following risk factors in the client's history puts the client at the highest risk for embolic stroke?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of embolic stroke by causing blood pooling in the heart, leading to clot formation that can travel to the brain and block an artery.
Question 3 of 5
A client is brought to the emergency department with partial-thickness burns to his face, neck, arms, and chest after trying to put out a car fire. The nurse should implement which nursing actions for this client?
Correct Answer: B,E,F
Rationale: Administering oxygen helps prevent hypoxia due to potential airway damage. Assessing the airway is critical to detect swelling or inhalation injury. Applying ice reduces pain and swelling but must be used cautiously to avoid tissue damage.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse provides education to a client diagnosed with inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS) about measures to treat diarrhea caused by acute flare-ups. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increasing the intake of leafy greens and other sources of dietary fiber can worsen diarrhea by increasing stool bulk and motility. Eating frequent small meals, increasing fluids, and taking prescribed medications help manage IBS symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client following an automobile crash in which the client was unrestrained and thrown from the vehicle. When assessing the client, the nurse observes clear fluid draining from the client's nose. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reason: Inserting a nasal swab to observe the fluid is not recommended because it can potentially harm the patient. If the fluid draining from the nose is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord, inserting a swab could introduce bacteria into this sterile environment. This could lead to serious complications such as meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Reason: Suctioning the nose gently with a bulb syringe is also not recommended. Again, if the fluid is CSF, suctioning could potentially draw bacteria up into the nasal cavity and into the brain, leading to an increased risk of infection. Additionally, suctioning could potentially cause trauma to the nasal passages, leading to further complications. Reason: Allowing the drainage to drip onto a sterile gauze pad is the safest option. This method avoids the risk of introducing infection into the CSF and allows for the fluid to be tested to confirm if it is CSF. If the fluid is indeed CSF, this could indicate a basilar skull fracture, a serious injury that requires immediate medical attention. Reason: Inserting sterile packing into the nares is not recommended. While this might seem like a good way to stop the drainage, it could actually be very dangerous. If the fluid is CSF, the packing could act as a conduit, drawing bacteria up into the brain and leading to infection. Additionally, the packing could cause pressure on the brain if the fluid continues to drain but has nowhere to go.