ATI RN
ATI Fundamentals Exam Special Unit ADN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has asthma and new prescriptions for cromolyn and albuterol, both by nebulizer. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: I will be sure to take the albuterol before taking the cromolyn': Albuterol (a bronchodilator) should be taken first to open the airways, allowing better absorption of cromolyn (an anti-inflammatory medication). 'I will administer the medications 10 minutes apart': Timing is important, but this option does not specify which medication should be taken first. The correct sequence is albuterol first, followed by cromolyn. 'I will use both medications immediately after exercising': Cromolyn is a mast cell stabilizer used for prevention, not acute symptoms. It should be taken 15-30 minutes before exercise to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm, not after. 'If my breathing begins to feel tight, I will use the cromolyn immediately': Cromolyn is not a rescue medication. Albuterol should be used for acute bronchospasm, while cromolyn is for long-term asthma control.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client 1 day postoperative who has developed atelectasis. Which of the following manifestations is an expected finding for this condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypoxemia: Atelectasis impairs gas exchange, leading to decreased oxygen levels (hypoxemia) due to collapsed alveoli. This is a hallmark finding. Pleural effusion: A pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space and is not directly related to atelectasis. Atelectasis is alveolar collapse and does not cause fluid buildup. Dysphagia: Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is not a direct symptom of atelectasis. It may be seen in stroke or esophageal disorders. Apnea: Apnea (cessation of breathing) is not a typical sign of atelectasis. Atelectasis causes shallow breathing, dyspnea, and hypoxia rather than complete cessation.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for diphenhydramine for allergic rhinitis. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following manifestations as an adverse effect of this medication? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Urinary retention: Diphenhydramine has anticholinergic effects, which can lead to urinary retention, especially in older adults or those with prostate issues. Dry mouth: Diphenhydramine blocks muscarinic receptors, reducing saliva production and causing dry mouth. Nonproductive cough: Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine, not a cough suppressant. It does not cause a nonproductive cough as a side effect. Drowsiness: First-generation antihistamines (like diphenhydramine) cause CNS depression, leading to drowsiness. Skin rash: Skin rash is not a common adverse effect of diphenhydramine but can be a sign of an allergic reaction.
Question 4 of 5
Which finding will alert the nurse to a potential wound dehiscence?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Report by patient that something has given way: A patient reporting a 'giving way' sensation is a classic early sign of dehiscence, indicating that the wound edges are separating. Drainage that is odorous and purulent: Purulent (pus-like) and foul-smelling drainage suggests infection, not necessarily dehiscence. Infection can contribute to dehiscence, but it is not the defining feature. Protrusion of visceral organs through a wound opening: Evisceration occurs when internal organs protrude through the incision. Dehiscence is partial or complete separation of the wound edges without organ protrusion. Chronic drainage of fluid through the incision site: Persistent drainage suggests a fistula (abnormal connection between tissues), infection, or poor wound healing, rather than wound dehiscence.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has a wound drain with a collection device. The nurse notices that the collection device has a sudden decrease in drainage.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Call the health care provider, a blockage is present in the tubing: A sudden decrease in drainage can indicate a blockage in the tubing, which could lead to fluid buildup and infection. The provider should be notified so that interventions can be taken (e.g., irrigation, assessment for clot formation). Remove the drain, a drain is no longer needed: The nurse should not remove the drain without a provider’s order. A decrease in drainage does not necessarily mean the wound has healed. Do nothing as long as the evacuator is compressed: Even if the evacuator is compressed, a sudden decrease in drainage is abnormal and requires further investigation. Ignoring it can lead to complications like hematoma or infection. Chart the results on the intake and output flow sheet: While documenting the change is important, charting alone is not an appropriate intervention. The nurse must also assess for possible causes of the decreased drainage and notify the provider.