ATI RN
ATI Fundamentals Exam Special Unit ADN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is providing preoperative teaching by demonstrating diaphragmatic breathing to a client who is scheduled for surgery in the morning. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the demonstration?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Inhale slowly and evenly through her nose. Diaphragmatic breathing involves breathing deeply using the diaphragm muscle to allow for more efficient oxygen exchange. Inhaling slowly and evenly through the nose helps engage the diaphragm and promotes relaxation. Holding the breath for 10 seconds (choice
A) is incorrect as it interrupts the natural breathing pattern and can cause discomfort. Placing hands on the sides of the rib cage (choice
B) is not essential for diaphragmatic breathing. Exhaling forcefully through the nose (choice
C) is not recommended as it can lead to hyperventilation.
Question 2 of 5
Which item should the nurse use first to assist in staging an ulcer on the heel of a darkly pigmented skin patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Natural light. Staging an ulcer requires accurate assessment of the wound, including color, depth, and tissue condition. Natural light provides the most accurate representation of colors, which is crucial for determining the stage of the ulcer on a darkly pigmented skin patient. Using artificial light sources may distort colors and affect the nurse's ability to accurately stage the ulcer. Disposable measuring tape (
A) may be needed to measure the ulcer's size, but accurate color assessment is the priority. Cotton-tipped applicator (
B) and sterile gloves (
D) are not directly related to ulcer staging.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has asthma and new prescriptions for cromolyn and albuterol, both by nebulizer. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "I will be sure to take the albuterol before taking the cromolyn." This statement indicates an understanding of the teaching because albuterol is a bronchodilator that helps open up the airways quickly, while cromolyn is a mast cell stabilizer that helps prevent asthma attacks. Administering albuterol before cromolyn allows the bronchodilator to work first to relieve symptoms, followed by cromolyn to prevent future attacks. This sequence optimizes the effectiveness of both medications.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Administering the medications 10 minutes apart may not be optimal as albuterol should be taken first for immediate relief.
B: Using both medications immediately after exercising may not be necessary unless the client experiences symptoms.
D: Using cromolyn immediately when feeling tightness is not recommended as it is a preventive medication, not a rescue medication.
Question 4 of 5
Which action by a nurse indicates application of the critical thinking model to make the best clinical decision?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Using the nursing process. This choice indicates application of the critical thinking model as the nursing process involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating patient care. Each step requires critical thinking skills such as analysis, problem-solving, and decision-making to provide the best clinical care. Rationale for other choices: A is incorrect as relying solely on recall may not consider the unique patient situation. C is incorrect as standardized care plans may not be tailored to individual patient needs. D is incorrect as depending on others may not reflect independent critical thinking.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client 1 day postoperative who has developed atelectasis. Which of the following manifestations is an expected finding for this condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypoxemia. Atelectasis is the collapse of alveoli in the lungs, leading to inadequate oxygen exchange, resulting in hypoxemia. This manifests as low oxygen levels in the blood, causing symptoms like dyspnea and tachypnea. Pleural effusion (
A) is fluid accumulation in the pleural space, not directly related to atelectasis. Dysphagia (
C) is difficulty swallowing, unrelated to atelectasis. Apnea (
D) is the absence of breathing, not typically associated with atelectasis.