Correct Answer: C

Rationale: TENS does not primarily work by providing distraction from pain. While relaxation may be a secondary effect the primary mechanism of TENS is not to elicit a relaxation response. TENS works by modulating the transmission of the pain impulse disrupting pain signals from reaching the brain. TENS does not primarily work by promoting increased circulation to the painful area.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Surveying the target population helps identify specific interests and health concerns ensuring that the programs are tailored to the needs of older adults. Determining the availability of health care providers is important but may not directly address the specific interests or concerns of the older adults. Basing the programs on their developmental stage is important but surveying the population allows for a more comprehensive understanding of their diverse needs and preferences. Reviewing Healthy People 2020 Objectives is a valuable resource but may not capture the specific interests or concerns of the local population.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Palliative surgery focuses on relieving symptoms and improving comfort rather than curing the underlying disease.
Therefore informing the client that they will be more comfortable after surgery is an appropriate instruction. Palliative surgery may not necessarily provide more information about the disease. Palliative surgery does not aim to restore function in the same way as corrective or restorative surgery. Palliative surgery is not performed with the expectation of curing the disease; its goal is to enhance the quality of life by alleviating symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Positioning the client for secretion drainage by gravity is a key component of postural drainage to facilitate the removal of respiratory secretions. Postural drainage is typically done before meals to avoid potential nausea during the procedure. Bronchodilators are often administered before postural drainage to open the airways and improve the effectiveness of the procedure. Encouraging fluid intake is important to help thin respiratory secretions and promote their removal during postural drainage. Fluid restrictions are not typically indicated in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: An unsteady gait increases the risk of falls which can lead to serious injuries in older adults. Ensuring safety and preventing falls is a priority. Short-term memory loss is common in older adults but it may not pose an immediate risk to safety. Hearing loss while important may not be an immediate safety concern unless it significantly impacts the individual's ability to communicate or hear warnings. Frequent constipation is a common concern in older adults but may not pose an immediate threat to safety. Falls prevention takes precedence in this scenario.