Extract:

Question 1 of 5

A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney failure about planning a low-protein diet. The client states, 'Why do I have to be concerned about protein?' Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

A. A low-protein diet reduces the risk for edemaB. A low-protein diet will reduce the risk for hyperkalemiaC. A low-protein diet will increase the nitrogenous wastes in the bloodD. A low protein diet reduces the risk for uremia

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A low-protein diet reduces the risk for uremia, a condition resulting from chronic kidney failure where urea and other waste products build up in the body due to impaired renal function.

Question 2 of 5

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for four clients. The nurse should recognize which of the following clients has a manifestation of hypoparathyroidism?

A. A client who has a calcium of 9.8 mg/dLB. A client who has a phosphate of 5.7 mg/dLC. A client who has a magnesium of 1.8 mEq/LD. A client who has a vitamin D of 25 ng/ml

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A manifestation of hypoparathyroidism would be a high phosphate level due to the low production of parathyroid hormone, which is responsible for regulating calcium and phosphate levels. It leads to reduced phosphate excretion.

Question 3 of 5

A nurse is caring for a child who has Addison's disease. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A. Place the child on a low-sodium dietB. Monitor the child for fluid volume excessC. Discuss the manifestations of hyperglycemia with the parentsD. Teach the parents about cortical replacement therapy

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Teaching the parents about cortical replacement therapy is crucial. Addison's disease results from adrenal insufficiency, and cortical replacement therapy, typically with glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, is the mainstay of treatment.

Question 4 of 5

A nurse is assessing a preschooler who has a calcium level of 8.0 mg/dL. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A. PolyuriaB. Muscle tremorsC. Dry, sticky mucous membranesD. Negative Chvostek's sign

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) can lead to neuromuscular irritability, which may manifest as muscle tremors or spasms.

Question 5 of 5

A nurse is reviewing the BUN and creatinine levels of an older adult client who has chronic kidney disease. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?

A. BUN 45 mg/dL and creatinine 8 mg/dLB. BUN 8 mg/dL and creatinine 0.7 mg/dLC. BUN 10 mg/dl and creatinine 0.3 mg/dlD. BUN 23 mg/dl and creatinine 1.0 mg/dl

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: These values indicate elevated BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine levels indicating impaired kidney function, typical findings in chronic kidney disease.