ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Exam 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a complete spinal cord injury about bowel and bladder management. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Stool softeners prevent constipation, suprapubic or self-intermittent catheterization manages bladder function, and digital stimulation aids bowel movements. Excessive fluid restriction is inappropriate as hydration prevents complications like urinary tract infections.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a group of clients in a medical unit. Which of the following clients is at the highest risk for developing osmotic cerebral edema?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rapid lowering of plasma glucose creates an osmotic gradient, causing brain cells to pull water from plasma, leading to cerebral edema.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has headaches. In determining a diagnosis, which of the following precipitating factors is common in both tension-type headaches and cluster headaches?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stress is a common precipitating factor for both tension-type headaches, through muscle tension, and cluster headaches, though the exact mechanism is less clear.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing care for a client who is at risk of cerebral aneurysm rupture. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the care plan?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maintaining the head of the bed between 30 and 45° is correct because it helps reduce intracranial pressure by promoting venous drainage from the brain, thus decreasing the risk of cerebral aneurysm rupture or rebleeding. Keeping lights at a medium level is not specific to preventing aneurysm rupture, hypotonic solutions can increase intracranial pressure, and repositioning does not directly address the risk of rupture.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing care to a client who is experiencing wheezing after receiving an antibiotic 20 min ago. Which of the following findings is the priority of the nurse to monitor for?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased blood pressure is the priority as it indicates anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction. Stomach pain, urticaria, and lightheadedness are less immediately critical.