ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following values should give the nurse the best indication of the client's renal function?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Serum creatinine. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles and filtered out by the kidneys. In clients with SLE, renal involvement is common. Elevated serum creatinine levels indicate impaired renal function, as the kidneys are not effectively filtering out waste products. Monitoring serum creatinine levels helps assess renal function and detect kidney damage early.
Choices B, C, D, and E are incorrect as they do not directly reflect renal function. Serum potassium levels (
B) are more indicative of electrolyte balance, white blood cell count (
C) indicates immune response, and hemoglobin level (
D) reflects oxygen-carrying capacity.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has a pressure ulcer. The nurse should identify an elevation in which of the following laboratory values as an indication that the client has developed an infection?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: WBC count. An elevation in WBC count indicates an immune response to infection, as white blood cells increase to fight off pathogens. In the context of a pressure ulcer, an elevated WBC count suggests the presence of infection due to the body's response to foreign organisms. Other choices are not directly related to infection in this scenario. Serum albumin level (
A) reflects nutritional status, serum potassium level (
C) indicates electrolyte balance, and BUN (
D) reflects kidney function. Hence, they are not specific indicators of infection in a client with a pressure ulcer.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is evaluating teaching on a client who has a new prescription for montelukast to treat asthma. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct Answer: A. "I'll take this medication once a day in the evening."
Rationale:
1. Montelukast is usually taken once daily in the evening to provide optimal control of asthma symptoms.
2. Taking it consistently at the same time every day helps maintain a steady level of the medication in the body.
3. This statement shows the client understands the prescribed dosing schedule and is likely to adhere to it.
Summary of other choices:
B. Incorrect: Waiting to take the medication only during an asthma attack is not the correct way to manage asthma as montelukast is meant for daily maintenance.
C. Incorrect: Taking the medication before exercise is not the recommended timing for montelukast administration.
D. Incorrect: Stopping the medication when feeling better can lead to a worsening of asthma symptoms as montelukast helps prevent asthma attacks.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse in a cardiac care unit is caring for a client with acute right-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Elevated central venous pressure (CVP). In right-sided heart failure, the right ventricle fails to effectively pump blood to the lungs, causing blood to back up in the systemic circulation. This leads to increased pressure in the venous system, including the central veins. Elevated CVP is a classic sign of right-sided heart failure. Low blood pressure (
A) is more commonly associated with left-sided heart failure. Decreased urine output (
C) may occur due to poor perfusion but is not specific to right-sided heart failure. Increased lung crackles (
D) are typically seen in left-sided heart failure, not right-sided heart failure.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the EKG strip of a client who has prolonged vomiting. Which of the following abnormalities on the client's EKG should the nurse interpret as a sign of hypokalemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Abnormally prominent U wave. In hypokalemia, low potassium levels can lead to U wave prominence on an EKG. The U wave becomes more visible and prominent due to delayed repolarization of the Purkinje fibers. This is a classic EKG finding in hypokalemia. Tachycardia (choice
B) is a non-specific finding and can be caused by various conditions. Flattened P wave (choice
C) is seen in hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia. Prolonged PR interval (choice
D) is more indicative of first-degree heart block or other conduction abnormalities, not specifically hypokalemia.