ATI RN
ATI Medsurg Proctored Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has hypertension and a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Take the medication early in the day. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that increases urine production, which can cause frequent urination. Taking it early helps prevent nighttime urination, promoting better sleep. Taking it with food may reduce gastrointestinal upset. Taking it only when blood pressure is high is incorrect, as it should be taken regularly to maintain consistent blood pressure control. Bedtime dosing may lead to nocturnal diuresis and disturb sleep. The other choices are irrelevant or incorrect in the context of hydrochlorothiazide administration.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client about the causes of osteoporosis. The nurse should include which of the following types of medication therapy as a risk factor for osteoporosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Steroids. Steroids, specifically glucocorticoids, are known to increase the risk of osteoporosis by decreasing bone formation and increasing bone resorption. Long-term use of steroids can lead to bone loss, making individuals more susceptible to fractures. Thyroid hormones (
A) do not directly cause osteoporosis. Antihypertensives (
B) and insulin (
D) are not associated with increased risk of osteoporosis.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who has immunosuppression following chemotherapy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Limit the number of health care workers entering the room. This is important because immunosuppressed clients are at higher risk for infections. By limiting the number of health care workers entering the room, the nurse can reduce the client's exposure to potential pathogens. This helps to maintain a clean and controlled environment for the client, decreasing the risk of acquiring infections.
Choice B is incorrect because social activities may expose the client to a higher risk of infections from others.
Choice C is incorrect because administering a flu vaccine during chemotherapy may not be effective due to the client's compromised immune system.
Choice D is incorrect as providing fresh fruits and vegetables does not directly address the risk of infections from health care workers.
Question 4 of 5
A client is teaching a client who has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide for management of hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Rationale: Correct answer is A. Leg cramps are a common side effect of hydrochlorothiazide due to electrolyte imbalance. Monitoring for leg cramps will help in identifying and managing this side effect promptly.
Choices B and D are incorrect as hydrochlorothiazide can lead to electrolyte depletion, so increasing sodium intake is not recommended, and taking the medication at bedtime may increase nighttime urination.
Choice C is incorrect as headaches are not a common side effect of hydrochlorothiazide.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse evaluates a client's PSA lab results. An increase in PSA indicates what condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prostatic cancer. PSA levels are commonly used as a marker for prostate cancer. Elevated PSA levels indicate an increased likelihood of prostate cancer. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (choice
A) is a non-cancerous condition that can also cause elevated PSA levels but is not indicative of cancer. Urinary tract infection (choice
C) and kidney stones (choice
D) do not directly affect PSA levels. The other choices (E, F, G) are not provided, but the key is to understand that an increase in PSA specifically points towards the possibility of prostatic cancer.