ATI RN
ATI N120n122 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is providing education to a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who is experiencing wasting syndrome. Which of these suggestions is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Consuming high-calorie snacks between meals is the most appropriate suggestion as it helps increase overall caloric intake, which is essential for clients with wasting syndrome to help maintain weight and improve nutritional status. Legumes are a good source of protein but do not provide the high-calorie density needed. Using canola oil instead of butter may not significantly impact caloric intake. Adding celery adds volume but is low in calories.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is presenting a community-based program about HIV and AIDS. A client asks the nurse to describe the initial symptoms experienced with HIV infection. Which manifestation(s) should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flu-like symptoms and night sweats are common initial manifestations of acute HIV infection, often occurring within 2-4 weeks after exposure. Fungal and bacterial infections can occur later as the immune system becomes compromised, but they are not initial symptoms of HIV infection. Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of cancer associated with advanced HIV/AIDS and not an initial symptom of infection. Pneumocystis lung infection typically occurs later in the course of HIV disease when the immune system is severely weakened, not during the initial infection stage.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with HIV. Which laboratory test would be used to assess the effectiveness of therapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Viral load count is the primary test used to assess the effectiveness of HIV therapy by measuring the amount of HIV RNA in the blood, indicating how well the treatment is controlling the virus. The Western blot is used as a confirmatory test for HIV diagnosis rather than monitoring therapy effectiveness. The Enzyme immunoassay (EI
A) test is used for initial HIV screening but does not measure viral load or therapy effectiveness. Platelet count can be affected in HIV infection, especially with advanced disease, but it does not directly measure the effectiveness of HIV therapy.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is coming to the clinic for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing. The patient's enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results are positive. Which test will be used to confirm the diagnosis of HIV?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Western blot analysis is the standard confirmatory test for HIV following a positive ELISA result, as it specifically detects the presence of antibodies to HIV proteins. A quantitative RNA assay is used to measure the amount of HIV RNA in the blood and is not used for confirmatory diagnosis. A viral load test assesses the level of virus in the blood but does not confirm the diagnosis of HIV. The CD4+ T-cell count is used to assess immune function but is not a confirmatory test.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following are components of the complete blood count (CBC)? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Hemoglobin level is a key component of the CBC, reflecting the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. White blood cell count is included in the CBC and is important for assessing the immune response. Platelet count is also part of the CBC and is essential for evaluating clotting function. Red blood cell count is included in the CBC and is crucial for assessing overall blood health and anemia status. Blood glucose level is not part of the CBC; it is typically measured separately in metabolic panels or glucose tests.