ATI RN
ATI Fundamentals Exam Special Unit ADN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse caring for a child who has asthma and a prescription for montelukast granules. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to the client's parents on administering the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Give the medication in the morning daily: Montelukast (a leukotriene receptor antagonist) is given once daily in the evening for long-term asthma control. If prescribed for allergic rhinitis, it can be given in the morning. Administer the medication 2 hours before exercise: Montelukast is not a rescue medication but a maintenance drug. However, it can be prescribed for exercise-induced bronchospasm and is taken at least 2 hours before exercise when used for that purpose. Administer the granules mixed with 20 ounces of water: Montelukast granules should be mixed with a small amount of soft food (e.g., applesauce, mashed carrots) or breast milk/formula but not a large volume of liquid. Give the medication at the onset of wheezing: Montelukast is not a quick-relief medication and does not work immediately. Short-acting bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol) should be used for acute wheezing.
Question 2 of 5
Convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius: 98.6
Correct Answer: 37
Rationale: Solution: (98.6 - 32) × 5/9 = 37°C. Answer: 37°C.
Question 3 of 5
As part of an annual physical examination, a nurse is preparing a client to undergo a chest x-ray. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give the client prior to the procedure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Remove all metal necklaces: Metal can obscure the x-ray image, so all metal jewelry, piercings, and clothing with metal components should be removed. Take several shallow breaths during the procedure: Patients should take a deep breath and hold it during the x-ray to expand the lungs fully for clearer imaging. Do not eat or drink anything the morning of the test: Fasting is not needed for a chest x-ray; it is typically required for procedures like CT scans with contrast or abdominal ultrasounds. Expect minor discomfort after the procedure: A chest x-ray is non-invasive and painless. There is no expected discomfort afterward.
Question 4 of 5
A patient diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) asks the nurse why clubbing occurs. Which response by the nurse is the most therapeutic?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Your disease doesn't send enough oxygen to your fingertips': Chronic hypoxia in COPD leads to increased capillary growth and tissue changes, resulting in clubbing of the fingers. This response is accurate and appropriately explains the cause. 'Your disease often makes patients lose mental status': While severe hypoxia can cause confusion, this response does not address the reason for clubbing and lacks therapeutic communication. 'Your disease will be helped if you pursed-lip breathe': Pursed-lip breathing helps with air trapping and exhalation in COPD, but it does not explain clubbing of the fingers. 'Your disease affects both your lungs and your heart, and not enough blood is being pumped': COPD primarily affects oxygen exchange in the lungs, not necessarily blood pumping from the heart. Clubbing is due to chronic hypoxia, not poor cardiac output.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the electrocardiogram (ECG) results. Which portion of the conduction system does the nurse consider when evaluating the P wave?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SA Node: The SA (sinoatrial) node initiates electrical impulses and is responsible for atrial depolarization, which produces the P wave on an ECG. This makes it the correct answer. AV Node: The AV node is responsible for delaying electrical impulses before they pass to the ventricles, but it does not generate the P wave. It affects the PR interval rather than the P wave itself. Purkinje Fibers: The Purkinje fibers play a role in ventricular contraction (QRS complex), not in the formation of the P wave. Bundle of HIS: The Bundle of HIS transmits impulses to the ventricles and is involved in ventricular depolarization, not atrial activity. It is not responsible for the P wave.