Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Before repositioning a patient the nurse should first elevate the height of the patient's bed. This allows the nurse to work at a comfortable height and reduces the risk of injury. While tightening the abdominal muscles can help with lifting and moving it is not the first action the nurse should take when preparing to reposition a patient. Positioning the feet in line with the shoulders can provide a stable base of support when moving or lifting. However this is not the first action the nurse should take when preparing to reposition a patient. Pivoting the feet in the direction of the move can help with turning and moving. However this is not the first action the nurse should take when preparing to reposition a patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: While it's important for the client to understand the alternatives to the procedure it's typically the responsibility of the physician or surgeon to explain these alternatives not the nurse. One of the nurse's responsibilities in the informed consent process is to confirm that the client is competent to sign for the procedure. This means ensuring that the client understands the procedure its risks and benefits and is making the decision voluntarily. Discussing the risks of the procedure with the client is typically the responsibility of the physician or surgeon not the nurse. While the nurse may provide some information about what will occur during the procedure it's typically the responsibility of the physician or surgeon to provide detailed information about the procedure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: This statement is incorrect. As people age the flexibility of the lens of the eye actually decreases not increases. This can lead to conditions such as presbyopia which is difficulty focusing on close objects. As people age their depth perception can decrease. This can make it more difficult to judge distances and can increase the risk of falls. This statement is incorrect. As people age the tone of the eye muscles can decrease not increase. This can lead to conditions such as presbyopia. This statement is incorrect. As people age the natural lens of the eye can actually thicken not reduce. This can lead to conditions such as cataracts.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The first physiological response that occurs during the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is the alarm reaction stage. This stage is the body's initial response to stress where the sympathetic nervous system is activated by the sudden release of hormones. The body remaining alert while blood pressure and heart rate return to pre-stress levels is part of the resistance stage of GAS not the first physiological response. Prolonged exposure to stress resulting in illness is associated with the exhaustion stage of GAS which is the final stage not the first physiological response. An increase in hormones causing an increase in blood pressure and heart rate is part of the alarm reaction stage but it is not the first physiological response. The first response is the perception of a stressor that stimulates the central nervous system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Installing handrails in the bathroom is a recommended strategy for reducing the risk of falls. Handrails provide support and stability particularly in slippery environments like the bathroom. Using a standard height toilet seat is not necessarily a recommended strategy for reducing the risk of falls. A toilet seat at an appropriate height for the individual would be more beneficial. Wearing backless shoes is not a recommended strategy for reducing the risk of falls. Shoes with good support and non-slip soles are typically recommended. Covering extension cords with a throw rug is not a recommended strategy for reducing the risk of falls. This could potentially create a tripping hazard.