ATI RN
ATI Nur 221 Med Surg Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a client who has cirrhosis. The client states, I don't need this medication. I am not constipated. The nurse should explain that in clients who have cirrhosis, lactulose is used to decrease levels of which of the following components in the bloodstream?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lactulose traps ammonia in the gut, reducing toxic levels causing hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis. It doesn't lower glucose , potassium , or bicarbonate .
Question 2 of 5
Which class of medications are given to liquefy secretions and make them easier to expel?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mucolytics thin mucus, aiding expectoration. Glucocorticoids reduce inflammation, calcium channel blockers treat hypertension, and bronchodilators open airways, not affecting mucus viscosity.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following manifestations may indicate that a client has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)? (Select all that apply)
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Butterfly rash , pleural effusions , and pericarditis are SLE manifestations from immune inflammation. Ammonia levels relate to liver failure, and varices to cirrhosis, not SLE.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is providing education to a client who is newly diagnosed with lupus. Which of the following statements would require further teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sun exposure triggers lupus rashes, so it increases, not decreases, risk. Ibuprofen , fever as a flare sign , and rest are correct.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client admitted with acute diverticulitis. Which would the nurse anticipate the healthcare provider ordering for this client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NPO and IV fluids rest the bowel in acute diverticulitis, reducing inflammation. Albumin/furosemide is for fluid shifts, high fiber worsens acute inflammation, and barium enema risks perforation.