ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 10 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has respiratory alkalosis and is hyperventilating. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Having the client breathe into a paper bag helps retain carbon dioxide, which can help reverse respiratory alkalosis by increasing PaCO2 levels and subsequently decreasing pH.
Question 2 of 5
Anna's mother has been suffering from persistent vomiting for two days now. She appears to be lethargic and weak and has myalgia. She is noted to have dry mucus membranes and her capillary refill takes >4 seconds. She is diagnosed as having gastroenteritis and dehydration. Measurement of arterial blood gas shows pH 7.5, PaO2 85 mm Hg, PaCO2 40 mm Hg, and HCO3 34 mmol/L. What acid-base disorder is shown?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The elevated pH (7.5) and HCO3 (34 mmol/L) indicate metabolic alkalosis. The slightly elevated PaCO2 (40 mm Hg) suggests partial respiratory compensation attempting to correct the alkalosis.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse in a public clinic is researching health data on culturally diverse populations in the community. Which of the following population groups should the nurse anticipate having end-stage renal disease due to diabetes mellitus?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Black Americans have a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus compared to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States, and diabetes is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease.
Question 4 of 5
A staff nurse is teaching a client who has Addison's disease about the disease process. The client asks the nurse what causes Addison's disease. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This is the correct explanation of the cause of Addison's disease, which involves adrenal insufficiency.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of hyperkalemia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperkalemia can lead to neuromuscular manifestations, including decreased deep tendon reflexes due to suppression of neuromuscular excitability.