ATI RN
ATI Nur 221 Med Surg Exam Cardiac Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is collecting a medication history from a client who is scheduled to have a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following medications taken by the client interacts with contrast material and places the client at risk for acute kidney injury?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metformin is correct. The combination of iodinated contrast dye and metformin increases the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy and lactic acidosis, especially in clients with kidney dysfunction. Nitroglycerin, atorvastatin, and carvedilol do not interact significantly with contrast dye.
Question 2 of 5
What is the primary purpose of using a CPAP machine for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Delivering a continuous flow of air pressure to keep the airway open is correct. CPAP prevents airway collapse during sleep, allowing for uninterrupted breathing and oxygenation. Reducing daytime sleepiness, improving sleep quality, and promoting weight loss are benefits but not the primary purpose.
Question 3 of 5
A client with a diagnosis of heart failure is admitted to the cardiac unit. Which intervention should the nurse complete first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Auscultating the lung and heart sounds is correct. In heart failure, pulmonary congestion and fluid overload can lead to respiratory distress. Immediate assessment for crackles, wheezing, or abnormal heart sounds evaluates for acute decompensation. Drawing a BMP, obtaining a health history, and assessing pulse and temperature are important but secondary to assessing for immediate respiratory or cardiac compromise.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is providing care for a client admitted to rule out a myocardial infarction who is experiencing chest pain while walking to the bathroom. Which action should the nurse implement first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Having the client sit down immediately is correct. Stopping activity reduces cardiac workload and oxygen demand, preventing further ischemia. Other actions follow after ensuring the client is seated.
Question 5 of 5
A client who has coronary artery disease tells the nurse he is afraid of dying from a heart attack. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Encouraging the client to express fears allows emotional support and assessment. Providing health advice, dismissing fears, or referring to a physician too soon misses the opportunity for immediate support.