ATI RN
ATI Nur 221 Med Surg Exam Cardiac Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who reports a new onset of severe chest pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to determine if the client is experiencing a myocardial infarction?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Performing a 12-lead ECG is the most important diagnostic tool for identifying myocardial infarction. It provides real-time evidence of ischemic changes, such as ST-segment elevation or depression, confirming or ruling out an MI. Checking blood pressure, auscultating heart tones, and assessing pain radiation are supportive but not definitive for diagnosing an MI.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting a medication history from a client who is scheduled to have a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following medications taken by the client interacts with contrast material and places the client at risk for acute kidney injury?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metformin is correct. The combination of iodinated contrast dye and metformin increases the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy and lactic acidosis, especially in clients with kidney dysfunction. Nitroglycerin, atorvastatin, and carvedilol do not interact significantly with contrast dye.
Question 3 of 5
Which statement indicates to the nurse the client diagnosed with sleep apnea needs further teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alcohol relaxes throat muscles, worsening obstructive sleep apnea, even with CPAP use. The other statements are accurate regarding CPAP benefits and weight loss.
Question 4 of 5
Why are small, frequent meals recommended for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Small, frequent meals reduce abdominal distention and diaphragm pressure, preventing dyspnea. Caloric intake, social interaction, and balanced diet are secondary considerations.
Question 5 of 5
The emergency room nurse is assessing a client with jugular venous distention, ascites, shortness of breath, and a 3-pound weight gain in the past 24 hours. Which of the following would the nurse anticipate being ordered?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is correct. BNP is a key diagnostic marker for heart failure, indicating increased cardiac filling pressures and volume overload, which match the client's symptoms of jugular venous distention, ascites, shortness of breath, and weight gain. Pulmonary function tests, Alpha-1 antitrypsin, and Doppler ultrasound do not directly assess heart failure.