ATI RN
ATI n269 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has streptococcal pneumonia and a prescription for penicillin G by intermittent IV bolus. 10 minutes into the infusion of the third dose, the client reports that the IV site itches and that he feels dizzy and short of breath. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client is likely experiencing an allergic reaction to penicillin, such as anaphylaxis, which can cause symptoms like itching, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. The first step is to stop the infusion immediately to prevent further exposure to the allergen.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acetone odor to breath is a hallmark sign of diabetic ketoacidosis. The body breaks down fats for energy, producing ketones, which are released in the breath, giving it a fruity or acetone-like odor.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of asthma. Which of the following medications should the nurse instruct the client to use to abort an acute asthma attack?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta agonist (SAB
A), which is the medication of choice for relieving acute asthma symptoms. It acts quickly to relax the muscles of the airways and relieve bronchospasm.
Question 4 of 5
Which serum electrolyte value alerts the nurse to the possibility of hyperaldosteronism?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperaldosteronism causes sodium retention and potassium excretion, leading to elevated serum sodium levels and low potassium levels. A serum potassium level of 2.5 mmol/L is indicative of hypokalemia, which is a classic finding in hyperaldosteronism.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has Cushing's syndrome. The nurse should recognize that which of the following are manifestations of Cushing's syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Purple striations, hypertension, buffalo hump, and moon face are all manifestations of Cushing's syndrome caused by excessive cortisol levels.