ATI RN
ATI n269 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is in the immediate postoperative period following a partial laryngectomy. Which of the following parameters should the nurse assess first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Airway patency should be assessed first because this surgery involves the upper airway structures, and complications such as obstruction, swelling, or bleeding could compromise the airway and lead to respiratory distress.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has streptococcal pneumonia and a prescription for penicillin G by intermittent IV bolus. 10 minutes into the infusion of the third dose, the client reports that the IV site itches and that he feels dizzy and short of breath. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client is likely experiencing an allergic reaction to penicillin, such as anaphylaxis, which can cause symptoms like itching, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. The first step is to stop the infusion immediately to prevent further exposure to the allergen.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse administers desmopressin to a client who has a diagnosis of diabetes insipidus. The nurse recognizes that which of the following laboratory findings indicate a therapeutic effect of the medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A urine specific gravity of 1.015 is within the normal range and indicates more concentrated urine, which is a therapeutic effect of desmopressin. The medication helps the kidneys retain water, leading to more concentrated urine, and improving symptoms of diabetes insipidus.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is auscultating the breath sounds of a client who has asthma. When the client exhales, the nurse hears continuous high-pitched squeaking sounds. The nurse should document this as which of the following adventitious breath sounds?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Wheezes are continuous, high-pitched musical sounds produced by the narrowing of airways, commonly heard in conditions like asthma. They occur mainly during exhalation and are indicative of airflow obstruction.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse assists a patient into which position in preparation for a diagnostic thoracentesis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The optimal position for a thoracentesis is sitting upright with the patient leaning forward slightly, with elbows resting on an over-bed table to help expose the pleural space for access. This position allows gravity to pull the lungs downward and facilitates easier access to the pleural cavity.