ATI RN
ATI Nur 221 Med Surg Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and reports having shortness of breath and swelling in his lower extremities. Upon assessment, the nurse notes the client has crackles in his lungs and an elevated blood pressure. The nurse should suspect which of the following based on the client's manifestations?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ESRD causes hypervolemia, leading to edema, pulmonary crackles, and hypertension from fluid overload. Hypovolemia causes hypotension, hyperkalemia affects muscles, and hyponatremia causes neurological symptoms, not fluid-related signs.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse notes in the client's health history a diagnosis of hepatitis B. Which of the following activities would most likely put the client at risk for this illness?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tattooing with unsterile needles risks hepatitis B, matching the 90-day incubation. Undeveloped areas , conferences , and recent birth are less likely.
Question 3 of 5
The healthcare provider has ordered captopril for the client diagnosed with congestive heart failure. Which discharge instruction should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Captopril lowers blood pressure, risking orthostatic hypotension; teaching posture changes prevents falls. Food reduces absorption , cough suppressants are inappropriate, and high-potassium foods risk hyperkalemia.
Question 4 of 5
A client who had a cerebrovascular accident is assessed by a speech therapist after choking and having difficulty swallowing. Which of the following would be appropriate for the nurse to recommend?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mashed potatoes, soft and thick, reduce aspiration risk in post-CVA dysphagia. Steak , iced tea , and grapes increase choking or aspiration hazards.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention for a client admitted with an ischemic stroke?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Raising the head 30 degrees optimizes cerebral perfusion in ischemic stroke. Semi-Fowler's aids breathing, Trendelenburg risks pressure, and flat worsens ischemia.