ATI RN
ATI Nur 285 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has developed diseases of large and medium-sized blood vessels because of diabetes. Which of the following should the nurse anticipate if the client has cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Macrovascular angiopathy refers to damage in large and medium-sized vessels, which is associated with cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and peripheral vascular disease in diabetic patients.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for an adolescent client who has a long history of diabetes mellitus and is being admitted to the emergency department confused, flushed, and with an acetone odor on the breath. Diabetic ketoacidosis is suspected. The nurse should anticipate using which of the following types of insulin to treat this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular insulin is the only type of insulin approved for intravenous administration and is commonly used to treat diabetic ketoacidosis (DK
A) for its rapid effect.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride (KCL) to a client who is receiving diuretic therapy. The nurse reviews the client's serum potassium level results and discovers the client's potassium level is 3.0 mEq/L. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L is below the normal range (3.5-5.0 mEq/L), and administering the prescribed potassium supplement is appropriate to prevent symptoms of hypokalemia.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has the following arterial blood gas results: HCO, 20 mEq, PaCO2 40 mm Hg and pH 7.32. The nurse recognizes the client is experiencing which of the following acid base imbalances?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is indicated by a low HCO₃ level (below 22 mEq/L) and low pH, consistent with the given values.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and whose respirations are shallow and 8/min. Which of the following acid-based imbalances should the nurse identify the client as being at risk for developing initially?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis occurs due to hypoventilation, which causes an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood, leading to increased acidity. Shallow respirations at a rate of 8 breaths per minute indicate hypoventilation, putting the client at risk for respiratory acidosis.