ATI RN
ATI N120n122 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic renal disease and is taking epoetin alfa (Procrit). Which laboratory result would be used to assess the effectiveness of this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Red blood cells (RB
C) and hemoglobin (Hg) levels are directly affected by epoetin alfa, which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow, making these values essential for assessing the medication's effectiveness. The leukocyte count (WB
C) is not relevant to the effects of epoetin alfa, as this medication primarily influences erythropoiesis. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a non-specific test used to detect inflammation but does not provide information regarding the effectiveness of epoetin alfa. The thrombocyte count does not assess the effectiveness of epoetin alfa.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with HIV. Which laboratory test would be used to assess the effectiveness of therapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Viral load count is the primary test used to assess the effectiveness of HIV therapy by measuring the amount of HIV RNA in the blood, indicating how well the treatment is controlling the virus. The Western blot is used as a confirmatory test for HIV diagnosis rather than monitoring therapy effectiveness. The Enzyme immunoassay (EI
A) test is used for initial HIV screening but does not measure viral load or therapy effectiveness. Platelet count can be affected in HIV infection, especially with advanced disease, but it does not directly measure the effectiveness of HIV therapy.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has vitamin B12 deficiency. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to consume? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B,E,F
Rationale: Eggs, beef, and milk are good sources of vitamin B12 and should be included in the diet of someone with a deficiency. Bananas, spinach, carrots, and quinoa are not significant sources of vitamin B12.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The nurse notes white lesions on the client's tongue. What opportunistic infection is this client experiencing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Candidiasis, commonly known as thrush, is characterized by white lesions on the tongue and is a common opportunistic infection in clients with AIDS due to their compromised immune system. Xerostomia refers to dry mouth and does not cause white lesions; it can occur in various conditions but is not an opportunistic infection. Halitosis is bad breath and does not correlate with white lesions on the tongue; it can result from various causes but is not an infection. Gingivitis involves inflammation of the gums and may present with red, swollen gums but does not typically cause white lesions on the tongue.
Question 5 of 5
Select the appropriate treatment for the following transfusion reactions
| Options | Hemolytic reaction | Anaphylactic reaction |
|---|---|---|
| Administer 0.9% sodium chloride | ||
| Send the blood bag back to the blood bank for analysis. | ||
| Stop blood infusion | ||
| Administer epinephrine |
Correct Answer: A,B,C for Hemolytic; C,D,B,A for Anaphylactic
Rationale: For hemolytic reaction: Administer 0.9% sodium chloride to maintain fluid balance and prevent kidney damage, send the blood bag back for analysis to identify the cause, and stop blood infusion to prevent further hemolysis. For anaphylactic reaction: Stop blood infusion to prevent further exposure to the allergen, administer epinephrine to treat the severe allergic reaction, send the blood bag back for analysis, and administer 0.9% sodium chloride to maintain fluid balance.