ATI RN
ATI SP 250 Exam 3 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of exposure to TB and symptoms of night sweats and hemoptysis. Which of the following tests should the nurse realize is the most reliable to confirm the diagnosis of active pulmonary TB?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This is because sputum culture can identify the presence and type of mycobacteria that cause TB, while other tests can only indicate exposure or infection. Sputum culture results may take several weeks, so treatment should be initiated based on clinical suspicion and other tests.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has hepatitis A about preventing transmission of the disease. Which is included in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Hepatitis A is an acute viral infection that affects the liver and is transmitted by fecal-oral route. It can be spread by contaminated food or water, or by close contact with an infected person. Practicing effective hand hygiene can reduce the risk of ingesting or spreading the virus. Avoiding serving raw foods, especially shellfish, can prevent exposure to contaminated food sources.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a female client who has rheumatoid arthritis and a new prescription for methotrexate. The client tells the nurse she is planning a pregnancy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give the client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Methotrexate is a medication that interferes with cell division and can cause birth defects or miscarriage if taken during pregnancy. The medication can also pass into breast milk and harm the baby.
Therefore, the nurse should advise the client to stop taking methotrexate at least 3 months before trying to conceive and to use effective contraception while on the medication.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who has burns on the front and back of both his legs and arms. Using the rule of nines the nurse should document burns to which percentage of the client's total body surface area (TBSA)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This is because according to the rule of nines, each arm accounts for 9 percent and each leg accounts for 18 percent of the TBSA.
Therefore, burns on both arms and both legs equal (9+9+18+18) = 54%.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has emphysema about self-management strategies. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clients with emphysema often have an increased caloric demand due to the effort required to breathe. A diet high in calories and protein can help maintain energy levels and prevent muscle wasting.