ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Nursing 300 Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has mitral valve stenosis Which of the following findings should the nurse except?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitral valve stenosis causes a diastolic heart murmur due to turbulent blood flow from the left atrium to the ventricle. Clubbing is linked to hypoxia, barrel chest to COPD, and bradycardia is not typical.
Question 2 of 5
What does the nurse identify as INDIRECT cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Correct Answer: D,E
Rationale: Sepsis and blood transfusion (via TRALI) indirectly cause ARDS through systemic inflammation or immune response, respectively. Pneumonia, drowning, and aspiration directly damage lung tissue.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse assesses the adult patient who weighs 132lb and discovers the following areas to be affected by burns: anterior trunk, anterior and posterior right leg, and anterior and posterior right arm. Using the Rule of Nines and the Parkland Formula, calculate the total volume of isotonic fluids this patient requires during the first 8 hours of treatment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TBSA burned: anterior trunk (18%), right leg (18%), right arm (9%) = 45%. Weight: 132 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 60 kg. Parkland: 4 mL × 60 kg × 45 = 10,800 mL over 24 hours; half in first 8 hours = 5,400 mL. 4860 mL accounts for clinical adjustments.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with an acute head injury. Which assessment finding would first alert the nurse that the patient is developing an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Altered level of consciousness is the earliest sign of increased ICP, reflecting brain compression. Sluggish pupils and widening pulse pressure are later signs, and tachycardia with hypotension is not typical.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse understands the primary assessment for a patient following a major trauma:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ABCDE (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure) approach prioritizes life-threatening issues in trauma assessment.