ATI RN
ATI Nurs 180 Pharmacology Quiz II Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client with a leukemia has been placed on methotrexate. Which of the following mechanism of actions below describes this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Methotrexate is an antimetabolite that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme involved in folic acid synthesis, impairing DNA synthesis critical for rapidly dividing cells like those in leukemia. It does not stop fungal growth, alter pH levels, or specifically inhibit helper T cells (a mechanism associated with immunosuppressive drugs like cyclosporine).
Question 2 of 5
A client diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI) is prescribed sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Which of the following conditions below would be a contraindication for this medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim can increase potassium levels, and captopril, an ACE inhibitor, also raises potassium, increasing the risk of hyperkalemia. Uterine cancer, osteoporosis, and multiple sclerosis do not contraindicate its use.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client. After reviewing the information in the client's medical record, which of the following provider prescriptions should the nurse anticipate? The nurse should anticipate a provider prescription for
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client's painful vesicular sores on the perineum, muscle aches, chills, and history of unprotected sexual encounters suggest genital herpes, treated with acyclovir, an antiviral for herpes simplex virus. Ceftriaxone treats gonorrhea, azithromycin treats chlamydia, and fluconazole treats yeast infections, none of which align with the vesicular sores and systemic symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is instructing a client who is newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) about the use of antitubercular medications. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TB treatment typically requires 6 months of consistent medication use to eradicate the bacteria and prevent resistance. The Mantoux test is for diagnosis, not treatment monitoring. TB treatment is not lifelong, and prophylactic treatment for family is not standard unless exposure is confirmed.
Question 5 of 5
A client with a leukemia has been placed on methotrexate. Which of the following mechanism of actions below describes this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Methotrexate is an antimetabolite that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme involved in folic acid synthesis, impairing DNA synthesis critical for rapidly dividing cells like those in leukemia. It does not stop fungal growth, alter pH levels, or specifically inhibit helper T cells (a mechanism associated with immunosuppressive drugs like cyclosporine).