ATI RN
ATI Nurs 180 Pharmacology Quiz II Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
2-month-old patient with current active infection. Being treated with neomycin. The nurse understands that neomycin may cause serious adverse effects such as
Correct Answer: A,F
Rationale: Neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, may cause ototoxicity, leading to hearing loss or balance issues, particularly in young children or with prolonged use. It can also disrupt gut flora, potentially causing pseudomembranous colitis due to Clostridioides difficile overgrowth. Constipation, hypercalcemia, thrombocytopenia, hypotrichosis, photosensitivity, and hyperpigmentation are not commonly associated with neomycin.
Question 2 of 5
A client diagnosed with trichomoniasis is prescribed metronidazole. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which contraindication associated with this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metronidazole can cause a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, leading to severe nausea, vomiting, flushing, and tachycardia. Clients should avoid alcohol during and for 48 hours after therapy. Tyramine-based foods are relevant for MAOIs, not metronidazole. Apple juice and soybeans have no significant interactions with metronidazole.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic renal disease and is receiving therapy with epoetin alfa. Which of the following laboratory results would the nurse assess for to determine therapeutic effectiveness?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Epoetin alfa stimulates red blood cell production, increasing hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, which are monitored to assess effectiveness in treating anemia associated with chronic renal disease. Clotting factors, leukocyte count, and liver function tests (ALT & AST) are not directly affected by epoetin alfa.
Question 4 of 5
A client exposed to anthrax has presented to the healthcare setting. Which of the following medications below is the treatment for this biological exposure?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is the recommended first-line antibiotic for treating anthrax exposure due to its efficacy against Bacillus anthracis, the bacteria causing anthrax. Amoxicillin/clavulanate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic but not preferred for anthrax. Nystatin is an antifungal and ineffective against bacterial infections. Tamoxifen is used for breast cancer and has no role in treating anthrax.
Question 5 of 5
A client who is newly diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer is being prepared for chemotherapy. Which of the following adverse effects below should the nurse educate the client regarding chemotherapy?
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cells, causing alopecia (hair loss), bone marrow suppression (reducing blood cell production, increasing infection and bleeding risks), bleeding (due to low platelets), and nausea (from gastrointestinal irritation and vomiting center activation). Extrapyramidal symptoms are associated with antipsychotics, not chemotherapy.