ATI RN
ATI Nurs 180 Pharmacology Quiz II Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI) is prescribed sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Which of the following conditions below would be a contraindication for this medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim can increase potassium levels, and captopril, an ACE inhibitor, also raises potassium, increasing the risk of hyperkalemia. Uterine cancer, osteoporosis, and multiple sclerosis do not contraindicate its use.
Question 2 of 5
The charge nurse is performing an Inservice regarding the adverse effects of antibiotic therapy. Which of the following antibiotics should the nurse include regarding the potential to cause QT prolongation?
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin) and macrolides (e.g., azithromycin, erythromycin) are known to prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of arrhythmias like
Torsades de Pointes. Penicillins, beta-lactams (which include penicillins and cephalosporins), and cephalosporins are not typically associated with QT prolongation.
Question 3 of 5
A client with a leukemia has been placed on methotrexate. Which of the following mechanism of actions below describes this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Methotrexate is an antimetabolite that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme involved in folic acid synthesis, impairing DNA synthesis critical for rapidly dividing cells like those in leukemia. It does not stop fungal growth, alter pH levels, or specifically inhibit helper T cells (a mechanism associated with immunosuppressive drugs like cyclosporine).
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client receiving ciprofloxacin for treatment of a urinary tract infection (UTI). The nurse will include which black box warning (BBW) in the discharge education?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, has a black box warning for tendonitis and tendon rupture, particularly in older adults or those on corticosteroids. It is not associated with thromboembolic events, endometrial cancer, or breast cancer.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who recently traveled to a malaria-stricken country. The client is diagnosed with malaria and is prescribed chloroquine (Aralen). Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse educate the client regarding this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chloroquine is associated with retinal toxicity, which can cause vision changes or damage, necessitating regular eye exams. It is not linked to tumors, pancytopenia, or cancer.