ATI RN
RN ATI Pediatric Proctored Exam 2023 with NGN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which is the most definitive diagnosis of leukemia?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A bone marrow biopsy will show an infiltrate of blast cells. A bone marrow biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing leukemia as it provides direct visualization of the bone marrow cells. In leukemia, there is an abnormal proliferation of immature cells called blast cells.
Therefore, the presence of blast cells in the bone marrow biopsy confirms the diagnosis.
A: A detailed history may provide valuable information, but it is not definitive for diagnosing leukemia.
B: A lumbar puncture is more relevant for diagnosing central nervous system involvement in leukemia, not for confirming the diagnosis itself.
C: A CBC with differential can show abnormalities in blood cell counts, but it does not provide direct visualization of blast cells in the bone marrow.
E, F, G: No additional options provided.
In summary, the most definitive diagnosis of leukemia is confirmed through a bone marrow biopsy, which directly shows the presence of blast cells, distinguishing it from the other choices.
Question 2 of 5
A child being administered a new medication displays signs of an adverse drug reaction. The nurse would expect treatment of the reaction to include (Select all that apply):
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: The correct answer is B, C, and D. Discontinuing the drug is essential to stop the adverse reaction. Administering antihistamines helps manage symptoms like itching and hives. Corticosteroids can reduce inflammation and allergic responses caused by the reaction. Antibiotics (choice
A) are not indicated unless there is a specific infection requiring treatment. No other choices were provided, but it's crucial to focus on stopping the offending drug, managing symptoms, and addressing inflammation in the case of an adverse drug reaction.
Question 3 of 5
When preparing your pediatric patient for his cardiac assessment, which element would you start with for the assessment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Auscultate heart rate and rhythm. This is the first step in a pediatric cardiac assessment because it provides crucial information about the heart's function. Listening to the heart helps identify any abnormalities in heart sounds, such as murmurs or irregular rhythms, which can indicate underlying cardiac issues. Assessing peripheral pulses (choice
A) may be important but comes after evaluating the heart. Evaluating chest rise (choice
C) is important for respiratory assessment, not specifically for cardiac assessment. Palpating liver margins (choice
D) is more relevant for assessing hepatomegaly, not typically the initial step in a cardiac assessment.
Question 4 of 5
A 3-year-old patient is taking therapeutic doses of Digoxin and Lasix for heart failure and has an order for daily labs to be drawn. What side effect of this drug combination would the nurse find most concerning?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypokalemia. Digoxin and Lasix can both cause potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia. In this case, hypokalemia is concerning as it can increase the risk of Digoxin toxicity, resulting in life-threatening arrhythmias. Hypernatremia (
A), hyponatremia (
C), and hyperkalemia (
D) are not common side effects of this drug combination and would not pose the same level of risk as hypokalemia.
Question 5 of 5
Which actions by the school nurse is important in the prevention of rheumatic fever?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Refer children with sore throats for throat cultures. This is important in preventing rheumatic fever as it helps identify and treat streptococcal infections promptly, which can lead to rheumatic fever if left untreated. Encouraging routine cholesterol screenings (
A) and conducting routine blood pressure screenings (
B) are not directly related to preventing rheumatic fever. Recommending aspirin instead of acetaminophen (
D) can actually be harmful in children with viral infections, increasing the risk of Reye's syndrome.