Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Percussion: Percussion is typically performed before palpation. It helps to detect differences in density of abdominal contents, fluid presence, and gas patterns. Auscultation: Auscultation is performed before any palpation or percussion to prevent altering bowel sounds. It is typically the second step after inspection. Palpation: Palpation is used last during an abdominal assessment to prevent altering the characteristics of bowel sounds and to ensure that any tenderness or abnormal masses are identified after a thorough initial assessment. Palpation can cause changes in bowel sounds and tenderness. Inspection: Inspection is always the first step in any physical examination. It allows for a visual assessment of the abdomen, looking for distension, asymmetry, and skin changes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: I will begin $48 \mathrm{hr}$ before the client's discharge.' Waiting until 48 hours before discharge does not provide enough time for thorough planning, education, or addressing potential needs after discharge. 'I will begin once the client's insurance company approves discharge coverage.' Discharge planning should not depend solely on insurance approval. It needs to be proactive and begin earlier to ensure comprehensive planning and education. 'I will begin once the client's discharge order is written.' Starting discharge planning only after the discharge order is written does not allow adequate time for preparation and may result in rushed or incomplete planning. 'I will begin upon the client's admission to the facility.' Discharge planning should start at admission. Early planning ensures that all aspects of post-discharge care are considered and allows ample time for education, coordination, and addressing potential barriers to successful discharge.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Parallel play: Parallel play is typical of toddlers, where they play alongside each other but do not interact or play directly with each other. This is a key stage in social development where they start to notice peers but prefer independent activities. Cooperative play: Cooperative play involves children playing together with a common goal or activity. This type of play is more typical of older preschoolers and school-age children. Solitary play: Solitary play is common in infants and very young toddlers where they play alone and are not engaged with others. By the toddler stage, children often progress to parallel play. Associative play: Associative play involves children interacting and playing together, but not with a structured goal or organization. This typically develops after parallel play, around the preschool age.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pincer grasp: The pincer grasp, which involves using the thumb and forefinger to pick up small objects, typically develops around 8 to 12 months of age, not at 4 months. Rolls from tummy to back: At 4 months, many infants start to develop the ability to roll from their tummy to their back. This is a typical milestone for this age and reflects developing motor skills. Walks with support: Walking with support usually begins around 9 to 12 months of age, much later than 4 months. Rolls from back to tummy: Rolling from back to tummy typically occurs a bit later, often around 5 to 6 months. At 4 months, rolling from tummy to back is the more expected milestone.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Concrete operational: This stage (7 to 11 years) is characterized by logical thinking about concrete events. Sensorimotor: This stage (birth to about 2 years) is when infants learn about the world through their senses and actions. Object permanence-the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched-develops in this stage. Formal operational: This stage (12 years and up) involves abstract and moral reasoning. Preoperational: This stage (2 to 7 years) is when children begin to engage in symbolic play and learn to manipulate symbols, but they don't yet understand concrete logic.