ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 9 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The primary health care provider has determined that a client has contracted hepatitis A based on flu-like symptoms and jaundice. Which statement made by the client supports this medical diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: I ate shellfish about 2 weeks ago at a local restaurant.' supports the medical diagnosis of hepatitis A, which is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). HAV is transmitted by fecal-oral route, meaning that it can be contracted by ingesting contaminated food or water, such as raw or undercooked shellfish from polluted waters. The incubation period for hepatitis A is about two to six weeks. 'I was an intravenous drug abuser in the past and shared needles.' does not support the medical diagnosis of hepatitis A, but may indicate exposure to hepatitis B or C, which are infections of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). HBV and HCV are transmitted by blood or body fluids, meaning that they can be contracted by sharing needles, syringes, or other injection equipment with infected people. 'I had a blood transfusion in 1980 after major abdominal surgery.' does not support the medical diagnosis of hepatitis A, but may indicate exposure to hepatitis B or C, which are infections of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). HBV and HCV are transmitted by blood or body fluids, meaning that they can be contracted by receiving blood transfusions or organ transplants from infected donors. However, since 1992, all donated blood in the United States has been screened for HBV and HCV. 'I have had unprotected sex with multiple partners.' does not support the medical diagnosis of hepatitis A, but may indicate exposure to hepatitis B or C, which are infections of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). HBV and HCV are transmitted by blood or body fluids, meaning that they can be contracted by having unprotected sex with infected people. However, sexual transmission of HAV is rare, unless there is contact with fecal matter.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is planning to provide discharge teaching for a client who has hearing loss. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reason: This is incorrect because dimming the lights in the client's room is not a helpful action for providing discharge teaching for a client who has hearing loss. Dimming the lights can reduce the visibility and clarity of the nurse's facial expressions, gestures, and lip movements, which can aid in communication. Reason: This is incorrect because increasing the rate of speech when talking with the client is not an effective action for providing discharge teaching for a client who has hearing loss. Increasing the rate of speech can make it harder for the client to follow and understand what the nurse is saying. Reason: This is incorrect because answering client's questions using medical terminology is not an appropriate action for providing discharge teaching for a client who has hearing loss. Medical terminology can be confusing and unfamiliar to the client, which can impair comprehension and learning. Reason: This is the correct choice because facing the client while talking is an important action for providing discharge teaching for a client who has hearing loss. Facing the client can enhance eye contact, attention, and rapport. It can also allow the client to see the nurse's facial expressions, gestures, and lip movements, which can facilitate communication.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing a seizure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply)
Correct Answer: D,E
Rationale: Loosening restrictive clothing improves breathing and circulation, and placing a pillow under the head prevents injury. Placing the client supine risks aspiration, restraints can cause injury, and inserting a bite stick can damage teeth or obstruct the airway.
Question 4 of 5
An Asian family arrives with their newborn for a well visit. When assessing the infant, the nurse observes the following skin irregularity. What is the nurse's priority action?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Recording the finding documents the Mongolian spot, a benign pigmentation common in infants of Asian descent, preventing future misdiagnosis (
Choice
B). Notifying child protective services is unnecessary, as the spot is not abuse-related (
Choice
A). Notifying the healthcare provider is not urgent, as the spot is benign (
Choice
C). Interviewing about an injury is inappropriate, as the spot is not an injury, and may imply suspicion, harming trust (
Choice
D).
Question 5 of 5
A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who has extensive partial and full-thickness burns of the head, neck, and chest. The nurse should identify which of the following risks as the priority for assessment and intervention?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Airway obstruction is the priority due to potential edema, inflammation, or inhalation injury in burns of the head, neck, and chest, which can compromise oxygenation and lead to respiratory failure.