ATI RN
RN ATI Pediatric Proctored Exam 2023 with NGN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse understands that the pathophysiology of a thermal injury includes (Select All that Apply):
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: The correct answers are B: Edema and C: Hypovolemia. Edema occurs due to increased capillary permeability after a thermal injury, leading to fluid leakage into tissues. Hypovolemia results from fluid shift out of the blood vessels into the injured tissues, causing decreased blood volume. Hematuria (
A) is not typically associated with thermal injuries. Anemia (
D) is a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin, not a direct result of thermal injury.
Question 2 of 5
Which is the correct positioning of a child experiencing epistaxis:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct positioning for a child experiencing epistaxis (nosebleed) is option D: the child should sit up and lean forward. This position helps prevent blood from flowing down the throat, reducing the risk of choking or aspiration. Sitting up also helps to reduce blood pressure in the vessels of the nose, aiding in the clotting process. Placing the child in a prone position (option
A) can lead to blood flowing down the throat, causing potential airway obstruction. Placing the child in a supine position (option
B) can also lead to blood going down the throat and may increase the risk of aspiration. Sitting with the head tilted back (option
C) is not recommended as it can lead to blood running down the back of the throat and potentially into the airway.
Therefore, option D is the correct choice for managing epistaxis in a child.
Question 3 of 5
The expected finding of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) include:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Low urine output & increased levels of antidiuretic hormone. In SIADH, there is an excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. This results in low urine output as the body retains water. Increased levels of ADH cause the kidneys to reabsorb more water, further contributing to low urine output. The other choices are incorrect because in SIADH, urine output is typically low, and ADH levels are elevated due to the dysregulation of the feedback mechanism that controls ADH release. Increased urine output and decreased levels of ADH (choice
C) would be more indicative of diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by decreased ADH production or kidney insensitivity to ADH.
Question 4 of 5
While caring for a hospitalized child, which of the following signs would lead the nurse to suspect the child has diabetes insipidus?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased urination. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by excessive urination (polyuria) due to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine. This leads to a large volume of dilute urine being produced. The other options are not indicative of diabetes insipidus. Fruity breath (
B) is a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis, not diabetes insipidus. Weight gain (
C) is not a typical symptom of diabetes insipidus, as patients may even experience weight loss due to dehydration. Slurred speech (
D) is not directly related to diabetes insipidus.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a school-age boy with Kawasaki's Disease. She knows the medication the child will receive includes:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Rationale: Kawasaki's Disease is treated with Immunoglobulin G to reduce inflammation and aspirin to prevent blood clots and coronary artery abnormalities. Immunoglobulin E is not used in this condition, and heparin and ibuprofen are not part of the standard treatment. ACE inhibitors are not indicated in Kawasaki's Disease. So, choice A is correct due to its adherence to the standard treatment guidelines.