ATI RN
ATI Nur 175 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse provides care to a patient who is mechanically ventilated. Which nursing action is most effective in decreasing the risk for aspiration?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed reduces the risk of aspiration by promoting proper alignment and reducing reflux.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client being prepared for a left total knee replacement surgery. The nurse is witnessing the surgeon obtain informed consent before the procedure. Which essential components must be present to obtain informed consent? (Select all that apply)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale:
Choice A reason: Informing the client when the procedure or treatment will be done is crucial for obtaining informed consent. This information helps the client understand the timeline and schedule for the procedure, which is essential for their planning and mental preparation. Knowing the exact date and time also allows the client to arrange for any necessary assistance or support they might need before and after the procedure.
Choice B reason: The purpose of the proposed treatment or procedure must be clearly explained to the client. This information helps the client understand why the procedure is necessary and what it aims to achieve. Providing a clear rationale for the treatment ensures that the client is fully aware of the medical reasons behind the procedure, which is a fundamental aspect of informed consent.
Choice C reason: The expected outcomes of the proposed treatment or procedure should be discussed with the client. This includes both the potential benefits and the goals of the treatment. By understanding the expected outcomes, the client can make an informed decision about whether to proceed with the procedure, weighing the potential benefits against the risks and alternatives.
Choice D reason: Identifying who will perform the treatment or procedure is an essential component of informed consent. The client has the right to know the qualifications and expertise of the healthcare professional who will be performing the procedure. This information helps build trust and ensures the client feels confident in the care they will receive.
Choice E reason: An explanation of the possible risks from the treatment or procedure is necessary for obtaining informed consent. Clients must be fully informed about the potential risks and complications associated with the procedure so that they can make an educated decision about whether to proceed. This transparency is critical for respecting the client's autonomy and ensuring they are fully aware of all aspects of their care.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving oxygen therapy via a nasal cannula. The nurse explains to the client that this method of oxygen delivery does which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nasal cannulas deliver low oxygen concentrations (24%-44%).
Question 4 of 5
The nurse employed in a mental health clinic is greeted by a neighbor in a local grocery store. The neighbor asks the nurse
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Choice A reason: This response inappropriately shifts the focus to the friend's relationship with the client and implies personal judgment about the client's situation. It also indirectly discloses confidential information by suggesting the client is struggling, which violates client confidentiality.
Choice B reason: This response violates client confidentiality by sharing information about the client's progress, even if framed as reassurance. Disclosing any details about a client's treatment or status without consent is unethical and against legal standards like HIPAA.
Choice C reason: This is the most appropriate response because it clearly and professionally maintains client confidentiality. The nurse firmly states that they cannot discuss any client situation, protecting the client's privacy without being dismissive or confrontational. This response aligns with ethical and legal standards. While this response avoids sharing confidential information, it could be perceived as dismissive or confrontational. A more professional and neutral response, like option C, better upholds confidentiality while maintaining a respectful tone.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse working on a medical-surgical unit finds a client lying on their bathroom floor. After assessing the client and notifying the provider and nursing supervisor, the nurse completes a hospital incident report. What is the purpose of completing the hospital incident report?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Incident reports are internal documents used within the hospital to record and analyze adverse events. They are not intended for direct reporting to state, local, and federal agencies, which have their own reporting mechanisms. While incident reports may indirectly contribute to assessing the effectiveness of interventions, their primary purpose is not to determine outcomes. Instead, they focus on documenting and analyzing incidents to prevent future occurrences. Providing necessary treatment to clients is the immediate response to an incident. However, the purpose of the incident report is broader—it aims to capture the details of the event for analysis and future prevention, not directly to ensure treatment. The primary purpose of an incident report is to help the institution identify risk situations and improve client care. By systematically documenting incidents, the hospital can analyze patterns, identify areas for improvement, and implement strategies to enhance safety and quality of care.