ATI RN
ATI Nur 112 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate to a client in acute kidney injury (AKI). Which laboratory finding indicates that the medication has been effective?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate treats hyperkalemia by exchanging sodium for potassium. A potassium level of 3.8 mEq/L within the normal range indicates effective reduction of potassium levels.
Question 2 of 5
A client who is taking an oral contraceptive receives a new prescription for erythromycin. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Erythromycin can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives by increasing the metabolism of the hormones, leading to a higher risk of unintended pregnancy. Using an additional form of contraception, such as condoms, is recommended to prevent unintended pregnancy while taking both medications.
Question 3 of 5
A client who received a renal transplant three months ago is readmitted to the acute care unit with signs of graft rejection. While taking the client's history, the nurse determines that the client has been self-administering St. John's Wort, an herbal preparation, on the advice of a friend. Which information is most significant about this finding?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: St. John's Wort induces cytochrome P450 enzymes, decreasing cyclosporine levels, which increases the risk of graft rejection in transplant patients.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse observes that a client has become lethargic 30 minutes after receiving an opioid injection for pain. Which vital sign should the nurse obtain first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Opioids can cause respiratory depression, a life-threatening side effect. Checking the respiratory rate first is critical to assess for this risk.
Extract:
History and Physical
Nurse Notes
Orders
The client is a 75-year-old female admitted to the preoperative area to prepare for pacemaker insertion. Client reports she is having this done because her heart rate has been staying very low, she is always tired, and she has passed out once from low heart rate. Client has a history of worsening symptomatic bradycardia and a history of atrial fibrillation controlled by medication. She has been off anticoagulants for 4 days to prepare for the procedure.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is assessing the client to update the plan of care. Choose the most likely options for the information missing from the statement by selecting from the lists of options provided. The nurse determines that the client is experiencing ___ and the blood pressure changes are the result of ___.
| Syncope |
| Hypovolemic shock |
| Heart failure |
| Adverse drug reaction |
| Anxiety |
| Antibiotic |
| IV infiltration |
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: Syncope results from bradycardia-induced low cerebral perfusion, with blood pressure changes due to compensatory vasodilation.