ATI RN
ATI Fundamental Exam Chapter 25 Candile Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
An electrolyte is a mineral or salt dissolved in the body. (Write True or False)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This is correct because an electrolyte is a mineral or salt that dissolves in the body fluids and dissociates into ions, which can conduct electricity and perform various physiological functions.
Question 2 of 5
An isotonic solution contains equal solute concentration on both sides.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This is correct because an isotonic solution has equal solute concentration on both sides of a semipermeable membrane, resulting in no net movement of water.
Question 3 of 5
An electrolyte is a mineral or salt dissolved in the body. (Write True or False)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This is correct because an electrolyte is a mineral or salt that dissolves in the body fluids and dissociates into ions, which can conduct electricity and perform various physiological functions.
Question 4 of 5
George Torres is admitted with a head injury. He is comatose and is breathing rapidly. His blood gases show a pH of 7.47 PaCO2 of 32 mm Hg and HCO3- of 26 mEq/L. Compare these gases to normal values. What type of imbalance does this patient have and is it being compensated or uncompensated?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis is a condition where the pH and the HCO3- are both elevated, indicating a loss of acids or a gain of bases in the body. This is not the case for this patient, as his HCO3- is within the normal range of 22 to 26 mEq/L. Respiratory acidosis is a condition where the pH and the PaCO2 are both low, indicating a retention of carbon dioxide in the lungs due to hypoventilation. This is not the case for this patient, as his pH is high and his PaCO2 is low. Respiratory alkalosis is a condition where the pH and the PaCO2 are both high, indicating a loss of carbon dioxide in the lungs due to hyperventilation. This is the case for this patient, as his pH is above the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45 and his PaCO2 is below the normal range of 35 to 45 mm Hg. This condition is uncompensated, as his HCO3- is within the normal range and has not changed to counteract the pH imbalance. Metabolic acidosis is a condition where the pH and the HCO3- are both low, indicating a gain of acids or a loss of bases in the body. This is not the case for this patient, as his pH is high and his HCO3- is within the normal range.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube that is attached to low suction. The nurse monitors the client closely for which acid-base disorder that is most likely to occur in this situation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation, which lowers the carbon dioxide levels in the blood and raises the pH. This is not likely to occur in a client with a nasogastric tube on low suction. Metabolic acidosis is caused by an excess of acids or a loss of bases in the body, which lowers the pH. This can occur in conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, or diarrhea. This is not likely to occur in a client with a nasogastric tube on low suction. Respiratory acidosis is caused by hypoventilation, which raises the carbon dioxide levels in the blood and lowers the pH. This can occur in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, or sedative overdose. This is not likely to occur in a client with a nasogastric tube on low suction. Metabolic alkalosis is caused by a loss of acids or an excess of bases in the body, which raises the pH. This can occur in conditions such as vomiting, gastric suction, or diuretic use. This is the most likely acid-base disorder to occur in a client with a nasogastric tube on low suction, as the tube removes gastric acid from the stomach.