ATI RN
ATI Fundamental Exam Chapter 25 Candile Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is the movement of a pure solvent (liquid) across a membrane?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This is incorrect because diffusion is the movement of solutes (dissolved substances) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, until equilibrium is reached. This is incorrect because hydrostatic pressure is the force exerted by a fluid against a wall or a membrane. Hydrostatic pressure can drive the movement of fluid and solutes across a membrane, but it is not the movement itself. This is correct because osmosis is the movement of a pure solvent (liquid) across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, until equilibrium is reached. This is incorrect because ATP is not a movement, but a molecule. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate, which is the main source of energy for cellular processes. ATP can provide energy for some types of transport across membranes, such as active transport.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with severe diarrhea. The nurse monitors the client closely understanding that this client is at risk for developing which acid-base disorder?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This is incorrect because respiratory alkalosis is a condition where the blood pH is higher than the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45, due to hyperventilation, which lowers the carbon dioxide in the blood. Severe diarrhea does not cause hyperventilation, but rather dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. This is incorrect because metabolic alkalosis is a condition where the blood pH is higher than the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45, due to a loss of acids or an excess of bases in the body. Severe diarrhea does not cause a loss of acids or an excess of bases, but rather a loss of fluids and bicarbonate, which is a base that buffers the acids in the blood. This is correct because metabolic acidosis is a condition where the blood pH is lower than the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45, due to an excess of acids or a loss of bases in the body. Severe diarrhea causes a loss of fluids and bicarbonate, which is a base that buffers the acids in the blood. This leads to an accumulation of acids and a decrease in pH. This is incorrect because respiratory acidosis is a condition where the blood pH is lower than the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45, due to impaired gas exchange or hypoventilation, which causes carbon dioxide to accumulate in the blood. Severe diarrhea does not affect the respiratory system directly, but rather the metabolic system.
Question 3 of 5
An anxious adult patient is experiencing a respiratory rate of 40 breaths/min. The most appropriate intervention that the nurse could do is to instruct the patient to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Panting with mouth open is not an appropriate intervention for an anxious patient with a high respiratory rate. This could increase the risk of hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis, which could worsen the anxiety and cause symptoms such as dizziness, tingling, and muscle spasms. Sitting up is an appropriate intervention for an anxious patient with a high respiratory rate. This could help the patient relax and breathe more deeply and slowly, which could reduce the anxiety and normalize the blood gas levels. Lying down is not an appropriate intervention for an anxious patient with a high respiratory rate. This could make the patient feel more claustrophobic and increase the anxiety and the respiratory rate. Breathing through a re-breather mask is not an appropriate intervention for an anxious patient with a high respiratory rate. This could increase the oxygen concentration in the blood, which could reduce the stimulus for breathing and cause respiratory depression.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is aware that small ions such as glucose oxygen and carbon dioxide redistribute themselves through semipermeable membranes by a process called
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diffusion is the process by which small ions such as glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide redistribute themselves through semipermeable membranes from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. This is how these molecules move across the cell membrane and the capillary wall. Osmosis is the process by which water moves through semipermeable membranes from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration. This is how water balance is maintained across the cell membrane and the capillary wall. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels. It is not a process by which small ions redistribute themselves through semipermeable membranes, but rather a factor that influences the movement of fluids and solutes across the capillary wall. Rehydration is the process of restoring the fluid balance in the body by drinking fluids or receiving intravenous fluids. It is not a process by which small ions redistribute themselves through semipermeable membranes, but rather a treatment for dehydration.
Question 5 of 5
The registered nurse reviews the result of the arterial blood gas values with the licensed practical nurse and tells the LPN that the client has respiratory acidosis. The LPN would expect to note which of the following on the laboratory result report?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This is incorrect because this represents respiratory alkalosis, not acidosis. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and a low PCO2. This is incorrect because this represents a mixed disorder, not a pure respiratory acidosis. A mixed disorder occurs when both the pH and the PCO2 are abnormal, but in opposite directions. This is correct because this represents respiratory acidosis. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH and a high PCO2. This is incorrect because this represents normal values, not respiratory acidosis. Normal values for pH and PCO2 are 7.35 to 7.45 and 35 to 45 mmHg, respectively.