Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Checking blood pressure does not directly address the faint pulses and cool foot. While hypotension could contribute to peripheral perfusion issues, the signs described more likely indicate compartment syndrome, which requires urgent action. Repositioning the leg might provide some comfort but does not alleviate the potential compartment syndrome. Elevation could worsen ischemia by reducing arterial blood flow. Compartment syndrome is a medical emergency caused by increased pressure within a muscle compartment. This pressure compromises circulation and tissue viability. The nurse must notify the health care provider immediately to prevent permanent damage. Assessing the incision for redness delays addressing the critical signs of potential compartment syndrome. Redness indicates infection, but faint pulses and a cool extremity necessitate more urgent evaluation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Glyburide does not stimulate glucose uptake directly in skeletal muscles. Instead, it acts on pancreatic beta cells, affecting insulin release. Enhancing muscular glucose uptake occurs through insulin's action downstream. Glyburide does not primarily increase insulin sensitivity. Agents like metformin work to sensitize cells to insulin, but Glyburide functions by stimulating endogenous insulin release. Glyburide stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells by closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to calcium influx and insulin secretion. This increases circulating insulin, aiding glucose uptake and reducing blood glucose levels. Glyburide does not inhibit carbohydrate breakdown in the intestines. Medications like alpha-glucosidase inhibitors target intestinal enzymes to slow carbohydrate digestion, unlike Glyburide's pancreatic action.

Correct Answer: F

Rationale: Dextrose IVP is unnecessary with hyperglycemia. It increases the glucose level further, risking complications like hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. This treatment is reserved for severe hypoglycemia. Glucagon raises blood glucose and is contraindicated for hyperglycemia. It is used to treat hypoglycemia, not elevated glucose levels seen here. Holding insulin neglects hyperglycemia management, allowing complications like ketoacidosis or delayed glucose control. Insulin is necessary to address elevated blood sugar. Calling the MD delays hyperglycemia treatment unnecessarily, as nurses can administer insulin per protocols in cases like this. Administering 15 units of Humalog risks inducing hypoglycemia. It is an excessive dose given the glucose level of 243 mg/dL. Administering 4 units of Humalog is an appropriate corrective dose for a pre-meal glucose of 243 mg/dL. Rapid-acting insulin efficiently reduces glucose to safer levels, aligning with treatment protocols. Administering 9 units of Humalog risks overcorrecting hyperglycemia, potentially causing hypoglycemia, as it exceeds typical sliding scale guidelines for this glucose level. Administering 5 units of Humalog could be reasonable for slight hyperglycemia, but it is not specifically aligned with the sliding scale dose appropriate for 243 mg/dL.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Insulin lispro (Humalog) is a rapid-acting insulin that begins to lower blood glucose within 15 minutes of injection, with a peak effect occurring in 30 minutes to 1 hour. It mimics the insulin release following a meal, allowing for better postprandial glucose control. Intermediate-acting insulin, such as NPH, has an onset of 1.5 to 4 hours and provides blood glucose control over an extended period. Insulin lispro does not fit this profile, as it acts quickly and is used for meal-time glucose management. Long-acting insulins, such as glargine or detemir, have no peak and provide basal glucose control for 24 hours or more. Lispro is not suitable for basal control due to its rapid action and short duration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: X-rays are commonly used to diagnose osteoarthritis as they effectively visualize joint space narrowing, osteophyte formation, and subchondral sclerosis, which are characteristic of OA. These imaging findings assist in confirming the diagnosis and assessing disease progression. Lithography is not a diagnostic tool used for OA. It primarily refers to a printing method and has no relevance to imaging joints affected by osteoarthritis or diagnosing the condition scientifically. Ultrasound can visualize soft tissues but is not routinely used for OA diagnosis. It does not provide the detailed assessment of joint degeneration seen in X-rays, making it less appropriate for identifying OA-related changes. Echocardiograms are used to assess heart function and have no application in diagnosing osteoarthritis. They are irrelevant in imaging joint structures or evaluating degenerative joint diseases scientifically.