ATI RN
ATI Rn 46 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A patient admitted with diagnosis of pericarditis develops hypotension, shortness of breath, tachycardia, distended neck veins. Which of the following procedures with the nurse anticipate assisting for this emergent situation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pericardiocentesis removes excess fluid from the pericardial space in cardiac tamponade, relieving heart compression. Endovascular grafts, echocardiograms, and peritoneal dialysis are not appropriate for this emergency.
Extract:
History and Physical
0900:
History of present illness:
Client presents to the emergency department reporting acute onset of back pain that started this morning. Client reports pain as 8 on a scale of Oto 10. Client also reports feeling dizzy and weak.
Past medical history: Diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension
Surgical history: Appendectomy at age 23 years
Family history:
Father: History of prostate cancer Mother: Died of "old age"
Social history: Smokes 1 pack of cigarette
Vital Signs
0900:
Blood pressure 136/84 mm Hg
Heart rate 111/min
Respiratory rate 20/min
Temperature 37° C (98.6" F)
0920:
Blood pressure 150/86 mm Hg
Heart rate 120/min
Respiratory rate 24/min
Temperature 37° C (98.6° F)
Provider Prescriptions
Metoprolol succinate ER 100 mg PO x 1 dose
Diagnostic results
0915:
CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis: 4 cm infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) Hemoglobin 11 g/dL (14 to 18 g/dL)
Hematocrit 40% (42% to 52%)
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department. Which of the following interventions should the nurse expect when planning care for this client? (Select All that Apply)
Correct Answer: B,C,E,F
Rationale: Analyzing CBC monitors for bleeding, preparing for surgery addresses symptomatic AAA, antihypertensives control rupture risk, and arterial line aids monitoring. Back pain monitoring, transfusion, and education are secondary in the acute phase.
Extract:
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching several newly licensed nurses about cardiac valve replacement. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Among the four heart valves (aortic, mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonary), the aortic and mitral valves are indeed the most commonly replaced valves. Aortic stenosis and mitral valve regurgitation are frequent indications for valve replacement. Aortic stenosis primarily affects the left ventricle, not the right. Mitral valve insufficiency primarily causes problems on the left side of the heart. The tricuspid valve is on the right side of the heart and its inadequate closure affects the right side, not the left ventricle.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is evaluating the condition of a client after pericardiocentesis performed to treat cardiac tamponade. Which observation would indicate that the procedure was effective?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Effective pericardiocentesis relieves symptoms like chest pain and shortness of breath by removing pericardial fluid. Muffled heart sounds, jugular distention, and dyspnea indicate ongoing tamponade.
Question 5 of 5
What should the nurse teach the patient who has endocarditis about preventing recurrence of the infections?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prophylactic antibiotics before invasive procedures prevent endocarditis recurrence. Continuous antibiotics, aspirin, and antibiotics for exposure are not standard prevention strategies.