ATI RN
ATI n269 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of asthma. Which of the following medications should the nurse instruct the client to use to abort an acute asthma attack?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta agonist (SAB
A), which is the medication of choice for relieving acute asthma symptoms. It acts quickly to relax the muscles of the airways and relieve bronchospasm.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is auscultating the breath sounds of a client who has asthma. When the client exhales, the nurse hears continuous high-pitched squeaking sounds. The nurse should document this as which of the following adventitious breath sounds?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Wheezes are continuous, high-pitched musical sounds produced by the narrowing of airways, commonly heard in conditions like asthma. They occur mainly during exhalation and are indicative of airflow obstruction.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoxia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Obtain a prescription for supplemental oxygen: This is the correct answer. The patient is experiencing hypoxia, and ensuring adequate oxygenation is the priority. Oxygen supplementation is essential to correct the hypoxia, which can exacerbate metabolic disturbances like diabetic ketoacidosis (DK
A).
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has asthma about how to use an albuterol inhaler. Which of the following actions by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client holds his breath for 10 seconds after inhaling the medication: This is the correct action. Holding the breath allows the medication to settle in the lungs, enhancing its therapeutic effect.
Question 5 of 5
Which condition may be observed due to incorrect fluid replacement with hypotonic fluids in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cerebral edema is the most dangerous complication associated with the administration of hypotonic fluids in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DK
A). This occurs because hypotonic fluids cause rapid shifts in fluid and electrolytes, which can lead to swelling of the brain, especially in children. The risk is heightened if fluids are replaced too quickly.