ATI RN
ATI RN Fundamentals 2023 Exam 5 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a class about the guidelines for the standards of care for nursing. Which of the following defines the nursing scope of practice?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The NLN focuses on education, The Joint Commission on accreditation, and the Patients Bill of Rights on patient rights. State-based Nurse Practice Acts legally define the scope of nursing practice.
Question 2 of 5
During change-of-shift report, a nurse discovers they overlooked a prescription for a type and cross-match of a client who is to have surgery the next day. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Informing the provider is important but not the first step; the immediate priority is ensuring the client’s safety for surgery. Documenting the incident is necessary but secondary to addressing the clinical need. Preparing an incident report is for quality improvement and not the immediate action. Obtaining the client's type and cross-match is the first action to ensure compatible blood is available for surgery, directly addressing the oversight.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client about colorectal cancer prevention guidelines. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The recommendation for fecal occult blood tests (FOBT) is typically to have them annually, not every 2 years. Regular screening is crucial for early detection of colorectal cancer. The American Cancer Society suggests that people aged 45 and older should have an FOBT every year. This test helps detect hidden blood in the stool, which can be an early sign of cancer. Dietary fiber is actually beneficial in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer. High-fiber diets, rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, are associated with a lower risk of developing colorectal cancer. Fiber helps in maintaining a healthy digestive system and can aid in the prevention of cancer by promoting regular bowel movements and reducing the time that potential carcinogens stay in the colon. Reducing the intake of red meats is a well-supported recommendation for lowering the risk of colorectal cancer. Studies have shown that high consumption of red and processed meats is linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Reducing the intake of these meats and opting for healthier protein sources like fish, poultry, and plant-based proteins can help lower this risk. The standard recommendation for colonoscopy screening is every 10 years for individuals at average risk, starting at age 45. More frequent colonoscopies, such as every 3 years, are generally reserved for those with higher risk factors, such as a family history of colorectal cancer or the presence of polyps. Regular colonoscopy screenings are vital for detecting and removing polyps before they can develop into cancer.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse on a surgical unit is caring for a client who is scheduled for surgery. The client states, 'I cannot do this. I do not want this surgery.' Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Telling the client about the benefits of the surgery might seem helpful, but it does not address the client's immediate concern. The client has expressed a clear decision to refuse the surgery, and the nurse must respect this decision by informing the surgeon. This approach aligns with the ethical principle of respecting patient autonomy. Letting the client know that their surgeon will be notified of their decision is the correct action. This respects the client's autonomy and ensures that the surgeon is aware of the client's wishes. It also allows for further discussion between the client and the surgeon, where the client can receive more detailed information and support. Reassuring the client that it is expected to be nervous before surgery is supportive but does not address the client's refusal. While it is important to acknowledge the client's feelings, the nurse must also take appropriate steps to respect the client's decision and inform the surgeon. Informing the client that it is too late to stop the surgery is incorrect and unethical. Patients have the right to refuse treatment at any time, and it is the nurse's duty to respect and facilitate this decision.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching an older adult client about reducing the risk for osteoporosis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Walking is a weight-bearing exercise, which is crucial for maintaining bone density and reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Regular physical activity, especially weight-bearing exercises like walking, helps stimulate bone formation and slows down bone loss. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends at least 30 minutes of weight-bearing exercise on most days of the week to help prevent osteoporosis. Avoiding sun exposure is not advisable for reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Sunlight is a natural source of vitamin D, which is essential for calcium absorption and bone health. While excessive sun exposure can be harmful, moderate exposure helps the body produce sufficient vitamin D.
Therefore, avoiding sun exposure entirely can lead to vitamin D deficiency, increasing the risk of osteoporosis. The recommended daily intake of calcium for older adults is significantly higher than 250 milligrams. For adults aged 51 and older, the National Institutes of Health recommends 1,200 milligrams of calcium per day. Adequate calcium intake is vital for maintaining bone health and preventing osteoporosis.
Therefore, taking only 250 milligrams of calcium per day is insufficient to meet the body's needs. Dairy products are a primary source of calcium, which is essential for bone health. Reducing the intake of dairy products can lead to inadequate calcium intake, increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Instead, older adults should ensure they consume enough dairy or other calcium-rich foods to meet their daily calcium requirements.