ATI RN
ATI Capstone Exam 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results from a client who has prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperkalemia. In prerenal AKI, decreased blood flow to the kidneys leads to reduced filtration and impaired excretion of potassium, resulting in hyperkalemia. Hypophosphatemia (
A), hypercalcemia (
C), and hypernatremia (
D) are not typically associated with prerenal AKI. In prerenal AKI, there is usually no significant change in phosphate levels, calcium levels are typically normal or low due to volume depletion, and sodium levels may be normal or decreased due to reduced renal perfusion.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has hyperthyroidism. The nurse should expect the client to report which of the following manifestations?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Frequent mood changes. In hyperthyroidism, there is an excessive production of thyroid hormones leading to symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, and mood swings. This is due to the increased metabolic activity caused by the excess thyroid hormones. Constipation (
A) is more common in hypothyroidism. Sensitivity to cold (
B) is also seen in hypothyroidism due to decreased metabolic rate. Weight gain of 4.5 kg (10 lbs) in 3 weeks (
C) is unlikely in hyperthyroidism as it usually leads to weight loss.
Therefore, choice D is the most appropriate manifestation for hyperthyroidism.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has rheumatoid arthritis and a prescription for oral betamethasone. Which of the following statements should the nurse make about how to take this medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Take the medication with milk. Betamethasone can cause stomach irritation, so taking it with milk can help reduce this side effect. Milk coats the stomach lining, providing a protective barrier. This helps to minimize the risk of gastrointestinal upset.
A: Taking the medication with orange juice is not recommended as it can increase stomach irritation due to its acidity.
B: Taking the medication between meals may not provide the same protective effect on the stomach lining as taking it with milk.
C: Taking the medication on an empty stomach can increase the risk of gastrointestinal irritation and should be avoided.
E, F, G: These options are not relevant to the administration of betamethasone.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has named a person to serve as his health care proxy. The client states he needs clarification about this type of advance directive. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for clarification?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I have to choose a family member as my health proxy." This statement indicates a need for clarification because it is incorrect. The client can choose any competent adult to be their health care proxy, not just a family member. This misconception may limit the client's options and understanding of their rights.
Incorrect choices:
A: This statement is correct as the health care proxy only goes into effect when the client is incapable of making decisions.
C: This statement is correct as the client can change their designated health care proxy at any time.
D: This statement is correct as the health care proxy will make end-of-life choices if the client becomes incapacitated.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer clindamycin palmitate 225 mg PO every 8 hours to a client. The amount available is clindamycin palmitate oral suspension 75 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 15
Rationale:
Correct Answer: 15 mL
Rationale:
To calculate the mL to administer, first determine the total daily dose (675 mg). Divide this by the concentration of the oral suspension (75 mg/5 mL) to get the total mL per day (45 mL). Divide this by the number of doses per day (3) to get the mL per dose (15 mL).
Summary:
A: Incorrect, as it does not align with the correct calculation.
B-G: Irrelevant since the correct calculation method indicates 15 mL is the appropriate answer.