ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 10 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following sets of values should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CK
D), the kidneys are less able to excrete acid, leading to metabolic acidosis. The expected arterial blood gas values would show a lower pH indicating acidemia, a decreased bicarbonate (HCO3-) level, and a normal or low partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) as the lungs try to compensate by blowing off CO2.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flank pain is a common symptom of polycystic kidney disease due to the enlargement of the kidneys from cyst formation.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is admitted for elective surgery and has a history of Addison's disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperpigmentation, particularly in sun-exposed areas and pressure points, is a characteristic finding in Addison's disease due to increased melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) production.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a postoperative ileus and an NG tube that has drained 2,500 mL in the past 6 hr. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor the client for?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should monitor for electrolyte imbalances, particularly a decreased potassium level. This is because the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach, contains a high concentration of potassium, and substantial losses can occur with ongoing gastric suctioning.
Question 5 of 5
Maria, an elementary student, was rushed to the hospital due to vomiting and a decreased level of consciousness. The patient displays slow and deep (Kussmaul breathing), and he is lethargic and irritable in response to stimulation. He appears to be dehydrated-his eyes are sunken and mucous membranes are dry-and he has a two-week history of polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss. Measurement of arterial blood gas shows pH 7.0, PaO2 90 mm Hg, PaCO2 23 mm Hg, and HCO3 12 mmol/L; other results are Na+ 126 mmol/L, K+ 5 mmol/L, and Cl-95 mmol/L. What is your assessment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is indicated by a low pH and a decreased bicarbonate (HCO3) level. The body attempts to compensate by hyperventilating, evidenced by Kussmaul breathing, to decrease PaCO2. This compensation is partial because the pH is still significantly lower than normal.