ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 10 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following values should give the nurse the best indication of the client's renal function?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Serum creatinine is a more specific indicator of renal function because it reflects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Elevated levels indicate impaired renal function.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. The nurse should include in the teaching that the client is at risk for which of the following complications?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperparathyroidism can lead to bone resorption and weakening, putting the client at risk for fractures.
Question 3 of 5
Maria, an elementary student, was rushed to the hospital due to vomiting and a decreased level of consciousness. The patient displays slow and deep (Kussmaul breathing), and he is lethargic and irritable in response to stimulation. He appears to be dehydrated-his eyes are sunken and mucous membranes are dry-and he has a two-week history of polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss. Measurement of arterial blood gas shows pH 7.0, PaO2 90 mm Hg, PaCO2 23 mm Hg, and HCO3 12 mmol/L; other results are Na+ 126 mmol/L, K+ 5 mmol/L, and Cl-95 mmol/L. What is your assessment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is indicated by a low pH and a decreased bicarbonate (HCO3) level. The body attempts to compensate by hyperventilating, evidenced by Kussmaul breathing, to decrease PaCO2. This compensation is partial because the pH is still significantly lower than normal.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has preeclampsia and is being treated with magnesium sulfate IV. The client's respiratory rate is 10/min and deep-tendon reflexes are absent. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Absent deep-tendon reflexes and respiratory depression are signs of magnesium toxicity. Discontinuing the medication infusion is essential to prevent further toxicity.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis. For which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis can lead to potassium depletion causing muscle weakness, decreased calcium ionization causing circumoral paresthesia, and cerebral vasoconstriction causing dizziness.