ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Exam 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has epilepsy. Which of the following instructions should be included in the nurse's teaching? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Taking small bites, eating slightly forward, and chewing thoroughly reduce choking and aspiration risks during seizures. Thickened liquids are not necessary unless dysphagia is present, conversations are not directly related, and fiber is beneficial for overall health.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following are risk factors for head injuries in older adults? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Decreased visual acuity contributes to falls due to poor depth perception and reduced peripheral vision. Polypharmacy increases fall risk through sedative or psychotropic medication effects. Weakness and frailty are age-related changes that heighten fall risk. Chronic hypertension can cause orthostatic hypotension or cerebrovascular issues like strokes, leading to falls. Motor vehicle crashes are less common in older adults, and previous military experience is not a common risk factor for fall-related head injuries.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client in the intensive care unit who was admitted with severe head trauma and cerebral edema. The client opens their eyes spontaneously, is oriented, and obeys commands. Which of the following findings indicate the client is experiencing a decline in their condition? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: B,D,E,F
Rationale: Eyes opening to painful stimuli, confusion, mumbling inappropriate words, and failure to open eyes to name indicate decreased consciousness and worsening neurological status. Responding to name and stating the day of the week suggest intact consciousness and orientation.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ARDS causes alveolar inflammation and damage, leading to stiff lungs and decreased pulmonary compliance, impairing lung expansion. Hypoxemia in ARDS results from V/Q mismatch and shunting, not dead space. Shunting does not directly impair CO2 elimination, and V/Q mismatch does not typically decrease pulmonary arterial pressure.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple sclerosis and reports a tightening feeling around their torso. Which of the following conditions should the nurse recognize this finding indicates?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The MS hug is a tightening sensation around the torso caused by intercostal muscle spasms due to spinal cord lesions in MS. Lhermitte's sign involves electric shock-like sensations, paroxysmal spasms are involuntary contractions, and trigeminal neuralgia causes facial pain, none of which match the torso tightening.