ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 9 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to start an IV infusion of Lactated Ringer's for a client who sustained a burn injury. The client is prescribed 5,200 mL of fluid over the first 24 hr. How many milliliters of fluid will the client receive in the first 8 hours? Record your answer.
Correct Answer: 1733
Rationale: The client receives 1,733 mL in the first 8 hours, calculated as (5,200 mL / 24 hr) × 8 hr = 216.67 mL/hr × 8 = 1,733.33 mL, rounded to 1,733 mL.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse caring for a client with acute peritonitis reviews the physician's orders. The orders include an NPO diet, insertion of a nasogastric tube set to low intermittent suction, and IV fluids at 50 mL per hour. When asked why he will need the NG tube, what is the nurse's best reply?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
To administer medications and electrolytes is not the best reply for why the client will need the NG tube, because this is not the primary purpose of the NG tube in this case. The NG tube is mainly used to relieve gastric distension and prevent vomiting and aspiration. Medications and electrolytes can be given through the IV route.
To dilate the stomach as a presurgical preparation is not the best reply for why the client will need the NG tube, because this is not a valid indication for the NG tube in this case. The NG tube is mainly used to relieve gastric distension and prevent vomiting and aspiration. Dilation of the stomach is not a goal of presurgical preparation, but rather an adverse effect of gastric obstruction. You will not be able to eat for several days is not the best reply for why the client will need the NG tube, because this is not a complete or accurate explanation of the NG tube in this case. The NG tube is mainly used to relieve gastric distension and prevent vomiting and aspiration. The client will not be able to eat for several days because of the NPO diet, which is necessary to rest the inflamed peritoneum and reduce the risk of complications.
To remove secretions and decompress your stomach is the best reply for why the client will need the NG tube, because this is a clear and correct explanation of the NG tube in this case. The NG tube is mainly used to relieve gastric distension and prevent vomiting and aspiration, which are common symptoms of acute peritonitis. By removing secretions and decompressing the stomach, the NG tube can reduce pain, inflammation, and infection in the abdominal cavity.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse educator asks the student nurse to explain the most common causes of blindness in the United States. Which of the following options will the student nurse select as one of the top causes of blindness?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetic retinopathy, affecting 4.1 million adults, damages retinal blood vessels, causing vision loss, and is a top cause of blindness (
Choice
D). Head trauma can cause vision loss but is not a top cause (
Choice
A). Cardiovascular disease is a risk factor, not a direct cause (
Choice
B). Syphilis is a rare cause of blindness (
Choice
C).
Question 4 of 5
A client arrives to the clinic after spending the day at the beach. She reports extreme pain and the nurse observes red skin on her face and upper body. There are no blisters present. What degree of burn has the client suffered?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: First degree burns affect only the epidermis, causing redness and pain without blisters, as described. Second degree burns cause blisters, third degree burns destroy all skin layers, and the burn can be classified based on the symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is creating an education plan for a client who has diverticulosis. The nurse should plan to include which of the following in the client education?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increasing dietary fiber softens stool and reduces colon pressure, improving diverticulosis and preventing complications (
Choice
D). Red meat, high in fat and low in fiber, can worsen constipation and increase colon pressure (
Choice
A). Decreasing fluid intake risks dehydration and constipation, worsening the condition (
Choice
B). Pureed soft foods, low in fiber, can increase constipation and colon pressure (
Choice
C).