ATI RN
ATI Fundamentals Exam Special Unit ADN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to perform hand hygiene. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Apply 4 to 5 mL of liquid soap to the hands: The recommended amount of liquid soap is 3 to 5 mL to effectively remove microorganisms. Using too little may not clean adequately, and using too much can make rinsing difficult. Hold the hands higher than the elbows: Hands should be held lower than the elbows to allow water to flow from the fingertips downward, preventing contamination of clean areas by dirty water. Rub hands and arms to dry: Hands should be dried by patting rather than rubbing to prevent skin irritation. Also, drying should focus on the hands first, then the wrists, and then the forearms to avoid recontamination. Adjust the water temperature to feel hot: Water should be warm, not hot, to prevent skin irritation and dryness. Hot water can damage the skin’s natural protective barrier, increasing susceptibility to infection.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse auscultates heart sounds. When the nurse hears S2, which valves is the nurse hearing close?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aortic and Pulmonic: The second heart sound (S2) is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves at the beginning of diastole. This marks the end of systole. Aortic and Mitral: The mitral valve is associated with the S1 sound, not S2. S2 occurs when the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic) close. Mitral and Pulmonic: The mitral valve closure is heard in S1, while the pulmonic valve closure is part of S2. However, the mitral valve is not involved in S2. Mitral and Tricuspid: The mitral and tricuspid valves close during S1, not S2. These valves are atrioventricular (AV) valves, not semilunar valves.
Question 3 of 5
Which patient scenario of a surgical patient in pain is most indicative of critical thinking?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asking the patient what pain-relief methods, pharmacological and nonpharmacological, have worked best in the past: This approach assesses the patient’s individual experience and applies personalized care, which is a hallmark of critical thinking. Explaining to the patient that self-reporting of severe pain is not consistent with the minor procedure that was performed: Pain is subjective and should always be believed and assessed rather than dismissed based on procedure type. This does not demonstrate critical thinking. Administering pain-relief medication according to what was given last shift: Pain levels fluctuate, and medication effectiveness must be reassessed each time. Simply repeating the previous shift’s orders does not involve critical thinking. Offering pain-relief medications based on the provider’s orders: While following orders is necessary, critical thinking involves assessing the patient’s pain level and determining the most appropriate intervention rather than blindly administering medication.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is completing an assessment of the patient's skin integrity. Which assessment is the priority?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pressure points: Pressure points (e.g., sacrum, heels, elbows, shoulders, hips) are at the highest risk for breakdown, ulcers, and impaired circulation. This makes them the priority assessment for skin integrity. Pulse points: While checking pulses is important for circulatory assessment, it is not directly related to skin integrity assessment. Breath sounds: Breath sounds assess respiratory function and are not a direct indicator of skin integrity. Bowel sounds: Bowel sounds assess gastrointestinal function and are not relevant in a skin integrity assessment.
Question 5 of 5
Convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius: 98.6
Correct Answer: 37
Rationale: Solution: (98.6 - 32) × 5/9 = 37°C. Answer: 37°C.