ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam Midterm RN 36 1125 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a client who has cirrhosis. The client states, 'I don't need this medication. I am not constipated.' The nurse should explain that in clients who have cirrhosis, lactulose is used to decrease levels of which of the following components in the bloodstream?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ammonia is produced by the breakdown of proteins in the intestines and is normally processed by the liver. In cirrhosis, the liver's ability to convert ammonia to urea is impaired, leading to increased levels in the blood. Lactulose helps reduce blood ammonia levels by converting it into ammonium, which is then excreted.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease. Which complication would result in gastric contents spilling into the patient's peritoneal cavity?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Perforation is the correct answer because it describes a hole forming in the wall of the stomach or duodenum, allowing gastric contents to spill into the peritoneal cavity, leading to peritonitis, which is a severe and life-threatening condition.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching on common symptoms of glomerulonephritis. What assessment findings are consistent with this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Proteinuria, hypertension, periorbital edema, and hematuria are hallmark symptoms of glomerulonephritis due to glomerular damage.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is admitted with esophageal varices and portal hypertension. Which underlying cause of these conditions would the nurse suspect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Liver cirrhosis is the most common cause of esophageal varices and portal hypertension. Cirrhosis leads to scarring of the liver, which impedes blood flow through the portal vein, causing increased pressure and the development of collateral blood vessels.
Question 5 of 5
Which interventions would the nurse expect in the treatment plan for a patient who is admitted to the hospital with ascites?
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Monitoring fluid and electrolytes, anticipating paracentesis, and administering albumin manage ascites effectively.