ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical 2 Final 2024 Assessment Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing menopausal symptoms and asks the nurse about menopausal hormone therapy (HT). The nurse should inform the client that HT is not recommended due to which of the following findings in the client's medical history?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A history of breast cancer is a contraindication for hormone therapy due to the risk of stimulating hormone receptor-positive cancers. GERD, COPD, and dermatitis are not contraindications for HT.
Question 2 of 5
During a routine physical examination, a nurse observes a 1-cm (0.4-in) lesion on a client's chest. The lesion is raised and flesh-colored with pearly white borders. The nurse should recognize that this finding is suggestive of which of the following types of skin cancer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Malignant melanoma typically presents as a mole that changes in color, size, or feel and has irregular edges. It may also itch, ooze, or bleed. A raised, flesh-colored lesion with pearly white borders is not characteristic of malignant melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma often appears as a raised, pearly bump, sometimes with visible blood vessels, which may have a central depression. The description of the lesion as raised, flesh-colored with pearly white borders aligns with the common presentation of basal cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma usually presents as a firm, red nodule, or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface. The lesion described does not match the typical appearance of squamous cell carcinoma. Actinic keratosis is characterized by rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas of the skin, which may be precancerous. They are not typically described as raised, flesh-colored lesions with pearly borders.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who is preparing for a below-the-knee amputation. Which of the following statements is true regarding the postoperative placement of a prosthesis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clients need to do special exercises to strengthen the remaining limb and prepare for prosthesis use, which is essential for rehabilitation. Prostheses are not adjustable for different shoes, as they are custom-made. Fitting occurs after healing, not during surgery. Dressings are for healing, not prosthesis cushioning.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. The nurse misread the client's morning blood glucose level as 210 mg/dL instead of 120 mg/dL and administered the insulin dose appropriate for a reading over 200 mg/dL before the client's breakfast. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring for hypoglycemia is the priority due to the risk of low blood sugar from the incorrect insulin dose.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following sets of values should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis (pH 7.25, low HCO3- 19 mEq/L) is expected in CKD due to acid accumulation. Other options indicate alkalosis or respiratory issues not typical for CKD.