ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical 2 Final 2024 Assessment Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has Stage IV lung cancer and was prescribed opioid medications for pain management. The client is unable to engage in most physical activities. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse anticipate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mucositis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the digestive tract, which is commonly associated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, not directly with opioid use. While it can be a concern for cancer patients, it is not a typical side effect of opioids. Bleeding is not a common side effect of opioid medications. While cancer patients may experience bleeding due to various reasons, including the cancer itself or treatment-related issues, opioids do not typically cause bleeding. Opioid-induced constipation (OI
C) is a common side effect of opioid medications due to their action on the gastrointestinal tract. Opioids reduce gastrointestinal motility, leading to constipation, which can progress to impaction if not managed properly. This is a manifestation that nurses should anticipate and manage proactively in clients taking opioid medications for pain management. Diarrhea is not typically associated with opioid use. In fact, opioids are more likely to cause constipation rather than diarrhea. Diarrhea may occur as a result of other treatments or conditions but is not a direct side effect of opioids.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in a clinic is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who has primary hypothyroidism. The nurse should anticipate an elevation of which of the following laboratory values?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In primary hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland is underactive and does not produce sufficient thyroid hormones, including Free T4.
Therefore, we would not expect an elevation of Free T4 in primary hypothyroidism; instead, its levels would typically be low or normal. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are elevated in primary hypothyroidism because the pituitary gland releases more TSH in an attempt to stimulate the thyroid gland to produce more thyroid hormones. This is a compensatory response to the low levels of circulating thyroid hormones, particularly thyroxine (T4). Serum T3 levels may be low or normal in primary hypothyroidism. T3 is the active form of thyroid hormone and is usually converted from T4. If T4 levels are low, T3 levels may also be affected; however, T3 levels are not the primary diagnostic marker for hypothyroidism and do not typically show elevation in this condition. Serum T4 levels are typically low in primary hypothyroidism because the thyroid gland is not producing enough of this hormone. An elevation of serum T4 would not be expected unless the patient is receiving treatment for hypothyroidism.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is menopausal and asks the nurse about the use of herbal therapies to reduce her discomfort. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Many herbal products lack long-term safety and efficacy testing, a critical point for informed use.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a male client who has chronic glomerulonephritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urine specific gravity is a measure of urine concentration. The normal range is typically from 1.005 to 1.030. A specific gravity of 1.035 indicates very concentrated urine, which could be due to dehydration or other factors, but it is not specifically indicative of chronic glomerulonephritis. Serum creatinine is a waste product from the normal breakdown of muscle tissue. Normal levels are approximately 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL for males. A level of 7 mg/dL is significantly elevated and can indicate severe kidney dysfunction, which is consistent with chronic glomerulonephritis. This condition can lead to a decreased ability of the kidneys to filter waste, causing an accumulation of creatinine in the blood. Creatinine clearance is a test that measures how well creatinine is removed from the blood by the kidneys. The normal range is about 95 to 120 mL/min. A clearance of 120 mL/min is within the normal range and would not typically be expected in a client with chronic glomerulonephritis, as this condition usually results in reduced kidney function. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is another waste product filtered by the kidneys. Normal BUN levels are between 7 and 20 mg/dL. A BUN of 15 mg/dL is within the normal range and does not necessarily indicate kidney dysfunction from chronic glomerulonephritis.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has prostate cancer and has undergone a prostatectomy. Which of the following should the nurse understand as a potential complication of prostate surgery?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Erectile dysfunction is a common complication of prostatectomy due to potential nerve and blood vessel damage. Testicular torsion is unrelated, cystitis is less common, and paralytic ileus, while possible, is typically temporary.