ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 10 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias due to electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia. Continuous cardiac monitoring is essential to promptly identify and manage any dysrhythmias that may occur.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has calcium oxalate kidney stones. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bananas are low in oxalates, making them a suitable choice for individuals with calcium oxalate kidney stones. Including bananas in the diet can help reduce the risk of stone formation.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following values should give the nurse the best indication of the client's renal function?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Serum creatinine is a more specific indicator of renal function because it reflects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Elevated levels indicate impaired renal function.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse in a public clinic is researching health data on culturally diverse populations in the community. Which of the following population groups should the nurse anticipate having end-stage renal disease due to diabetes mellitus?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Black Americans have a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus compared to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States, and diabetes is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease.
Question 5 of 5
A woman was brought to the emergency department of a hospital after she fell into the ground and hurt her left leg. She is noted to be tachycardic and tachypneic. Painkillers were carried out to lessen her pain. Suddenly, she started complaining that she is still in pain and now experiencing muscle cramps, tingling, and paraesthesia. Measurement of arterial blood gas reveals pH 7.6, PaO2 120 mm Hg, PaCO2 31 mm Hg, and HCO3 25 mmol/L. What does this mean?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The arterial blood gas values indicate a pH of 7.6, suggesting alkalosis. The low PaCO2 at 31 mm Hg indicates hyperventilation, a respiratory process. The normal HCO3 suggests no metabolic involvement, and the lack of renal adjustment indicates an uncompensated state.